Unit Three: America is Democracy

TESTING THE NEW GOVERNMENT

OBJECTIVES:
Describe the precedents set by George Washington as first President of the United States.
List the steps taken to develop the economic policies of the United States and strengthen the country's economic future.
Describe the steps taken by the Washington administration to resolve problems in foreign affairs.
Identify the main economic and political events of the Adams and Jefferson administrations.
Recognize the main idea of a paragraph.
Read election maps.
Determine distance and direction on a map.

I. THE BEGINNING
A. George Washington was the first President to be elected after the Constitution had been ratified.
B. Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State and Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury in the new government.
C. The Supreme Court was the highest court created by the Constitution.

II. THE ECONOMY
A. Alexander Hamilton insisted on paying foreign debt and domestic debts so the United States would establish future credit.
B. The purpose of the Bank of the United States was a place to deposit government money, to lend money to government and private citizens, and to provide a sound currency.
C. Farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay taxes because they thought the taxes were unfair.
D. Political parties that developed over differences in interpreting the Constitution were Federalist and Democratic-Republican.

III. FOREIGN AFFAIRS
A. War in Europe threatened United States neutrality because the war was between France and Great Britain.
B. The European war affected American trade as the United States tried to continue trade with both Great Britain and France, but the British seized American ships.
C. John Jay and Thomas Pinckney negotiated treaties with Great Britain and Spain.
D. Advice Washington gave in his Farewell Address was to avoid permanent foreign alliances.

IV. THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY
A. John Adams became President after George Washington.
B. The United States was involved with France in the XYZ Affair.
C. The purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to stop the Democratic-Republicans from gaining too much power.
D. Thomas Jefferson won the presidential election of 1800.

V. JEFFERSON IN OFFICE
A. The biggest change in government made by Thomas Jefferson as President was government costs were cut.
B. Marbury v. Madison was the case in which the Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional.
C. Louisiana was purchased from France.
D. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition into Louisiana after its purchase in 1803.
E. Some New England Federalists criticized the Louisiana Purchase because they believed the land had cost too much and the West would gain in political power at the expense of New England.

THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM

OBJECTIVES:
Identify the problems in foreign affairs that faced the United States in the early 1800s.
Describe the major events of the War of 1812.
List the results of the War of 1812.
Name the major American political and cultural leaders of the early 1800s.
Describe the effects of nationalism on American politics, courts, foreign affairs, and culture.
Define and use chronology.
Classify map data.
Identify and read transportation maps.

I. COMMERCE AND NEUTRAL RIGHTS
A. Great Britain and the Barbary States interfered with United States' freedom of the seas.
B. The Chesapeake-Leopard incident was when the British on the warship Leopard demanded the right to search for deserters aboard the American warship Chesapeake . When the Americans refused, the Leopard opened fire.
C. The Embargo of 1807 was unsuccessful because it hurt American trade more than it did foreign trade.
D. The United States went to war with Great Britain in 1812.

II. THE WAR OF 1812
A. The major American victories in the war include Put-in-Bay, the Thames, and New Orleans.
B. Major British victories in the war include Bladensburg, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.
C. The final battle of the war was fought at New Orleans.
D. The treaty was signed to end the war on December 24, 1814.
E. New England was the section of the United States that opposed the war.

III. THE NATIONAL SPIRIT
A. Measures Congress passed that showed the growing spirit of nationalism in the United States were measures for the Second Bank of the United States, a new protective tariff, and money for roads and canals.
B. Actions of the Supreme Court that showed a spirit of nationalism in the United States include: Fletcher v. Peck- laws by states could be voided if they violated provisions of the Constitution; McCullough v. Maryland- upheld supremacy of national government; Gibbons v. Ogden- only Congress could make laws regulating state trade.
C. Nationalism could be seen in the foreign affairs of the United States in the Monroe Doctrine and American expansion.
D. The purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was to prevent further colonization in the Western Hemisphere by European countries.

IV. THE RISE OF AN AMERICAN CULTURE
A. Settings used by American writers in the 1800s include American settings, including the Hudson Valley and the frontier.
B. Themes of American painters after 1812 were American themes, including landscapes and people.
C. Roman and Greek styles were most used by American architects.

THE AGE OF JACKSON

OBJECTIVES:
Distinguish between nationalism and sectionalism.
Describe the reasons for the split in the Democratic-Republican party after 1824.
Discuss the major features of Jacksonian Democracy.
Identify the ways in which Andrew Jackson strengthened the powers of the presidency.
Describe the effect of government resettlement policies under Andrew Jackson on several Indian groups.
Identify factors that helped put the Whigs in power.
Compare election maps.
Read written material for detail.
Compare routes on maps.
Analyze data found on graphs.

I. THE RETURN OF THE TWO-PARTY SYSTEM
A. The candidates for President in 1824 were John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Crawford.
B. Adams's election lead to a split in the party when supporters of Jackson thought Henry Clay had supported Adams in return for a promise to be appointed Secretary of State. They separated themselves from the party to support Jackson for President in 1828.
C. Adams's position as President was weakened as Adams was a nationalist during a time of growing sectionalism.
D. The new Democratic party won the Election of 1828.

II. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
A. Andrew Jackson had lived on the frontier and had been a soldier and military leader before becoming President.
B. Groups that did not have the right
to vote were blacks, women, and white males who did not own property.
C. President Jackson used the spoils system to keep the government responsive to the people.

III. JACKSON'S USE OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER
A. President Jackson used the veto power for political reasons, as well as to stop bills that he thought were unconstitutional.
B. The strongest support for nullification was in the South.
C. President Jackson's and Vice-President Calhoun's views differed on the authority of the federal government in that Calhoun supported the idea that states had the right to nullify an act of Congress. Jackson opposed nullification.
D. What brought about the nullification crisis was it centered in a dispute over the tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

IV. JACKSON AND THE INDIANS
A. Jackson's policy regarding the Indian people was he encouraged removal of Indians to lands west of the Mississippi.
B. Indian peoples forced to move from their lands include: the Chippewa, Menominee, Iowa, Sioux, Ottawa, Winnebago, Sac, Fox, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Cherokee.
C. The Supreme Court's decision in the case involving the Cherokee stated that Georgia had no authority over the Cherokees.
D. The Cherokee were finally forced to move west because Jackson did not enforce the Supreme Court decision.

V. THE IMPACT OF JACKSON'S POLICIES
A. The Whig party was a new political party formed in 1834.
B. Events in 1837 that had their roots in the Jackson years were the financial panic and depression.
C. The Whig candidates in the election of 1840 were William Henry Harrison for President and John Tyler for Vice-President.

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