8 Study Guide

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8 Study Guide

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Americans faced competition from other nations overseas.

Many Americans came to believe that to ensure economic growth, the United States needed to expand its power overseas.

The United States bought Alaska from the Native Americans.

Islands in the Pacific were important stopping places for ships en route to Asian nations.

In 1893 the Hawaiian queen was overthrown by native Hawaiian rebels.

In 1898 the United States made Hawaii a state.

Matthew Perry helped convince Japan to open its ports to American ships.

The people of Cuba had lived under Mexican rule for centuries.

Until the Maine exploded, most Americans sympathized with Spain in its war against the Cubans.

10.

The first battle of the Spanish-American War took place in the Philippines.

11.

After helping the Filipino rebels defeat Spain, the United States supported independence for the Philippines.

12.

The United States first approached the government of Panama for permission to build a canal.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

13.

Noninvolvement in world affairs is called

a.	expansionism.	c.	imperialism.
b.	isolationism.	d.	annexation.

14.

Who said, "Sea power is essential to the greatness of every splendid people"?

a.	John Hay	c.	Theodore Roosevelt
b.	William H. Seward	d.	Alfred Thayer Mahan

15.

Whose belief in expansionism led to the building of the Panama Canal?

a.	William H. Seward	c.	William Gorgas
b.	Francisco Madero	d.	Theodore Roosevelt

16.

The United States and which country split Samoa between them?

a.	France	c.	Germany
b.	Japan	d.	Britain

17.

Out of the Boxer Rebellion came a second

a.	annexation.	c.	Gentlemen's Agreement.
b.	Treaty of Portsmouth.	d.	Open Door policy.

18.

For centuries, the people of Cuba lived under the rule of

a.	Mexico.	c.	Russia.
b.	Spain.	d.	Britain.

19.

Which incident led to Congress's declaring war on Spain?

a.	explosion of the Maine	c.	Spanish ships in Santiago
b.	arrest of José Martí	d.	capture of San Juan Hill

20.

The first action of the Spanish-American War took place in

a.	Cuba.	c.	the Philippines.
b.	Puerto Rico.	d.	Guam.

21.

Where was the defeat that ended Spanish resistance in Cuba?

a.	Havana	c.	San Juan Hill
b.	Manila	d.	Santiago

22.

Which event turned the United States' attention away from war with Mexico?

a.	the economic drain	c.	fighting in Cuba
b.	war raging in Europe	d.	building the Panama Canal

23.

Whose visit to Japan led to the Treaty of Kanagawa?

a.	William H. Taft	c.	John Hay
b.	Matthew Perry	d.	George Dewey

24.

An American empire that dominated the Caribbean, Central America, and the Pacific was the goal of

a.	Theodore Roosevelt.	c.	William H. Seward.
b.	Emilio Aguinaldo.	d.	William H. Taft.

25.

Which place is a chain of 8 large and 100 or so smaller islands?

a.	Hawaii	c.	Cuba
b.	Guam	d.	Puerto Rico

26.

Which leader wanted Hawaiians to regain economic control of their islands?

a.	Queen Liliuokalani	c.	William H. Seward
b.	King Kamehameha I	d.	Grover Cleveland

27.

President Theodore Roosevelt helped end the Russo-Japanese War with the

a.	Gentlemen's Agreement.	c.	Great White Fleet.
b.	spheres of influence.	d.	Treaty of Portsmouth.

28.

Events in what country triggered the Spanish-American War?

a.	Mexico	c.	Puerto Rico
b.	Cuba	d.	Guam

29.

Which rebels helped the Americans capture Manila from the Spanish?

a.	Puerto Ricans	c.	Filipinos
b.	Hawaiians	d.	Cubans

30.

What agreement set up a new Puerto Rican government in 1900?

a.	the Foraker Act	c.	Treaty of Paris
b.	Platt Amendment	d.	Spanish-American armistice

31.

Panamanians successfully revolted against Colombia with help from

a.	France.	c.	Spain.
b.	Mexico.	d.	the United States.

32.

Where did the United States first apply the Roosevelt Corollary?

a.	Mexico	c.	the Dominican Republic
b.	Puerto Rico	d.	Cuba

“The Philippines are ours forever. . . . And just beyond the Philippines are China’s illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either. . . . The Pacific is our ocean.”

–Senator Albert Beveridge, 1900

33.

This excerpt expresses an opinion that supports an American foreign policy of

a.	isolationism.	c.	imperialism.
b.	expansionism.	d.	pacifiism.

“. . . The position of the United States as the leading power of the New World might well give to its government a claim to authoritative utterance for the purpose of quieting discord among its neighbors, with all of whom the most friendly relations exist. Nevertheless, the good offices of this government are not and have not at any time been tendered with a show of dictation or compulsion, but only as exhibiting the solicitous goodwill of a common friend. . . .”

–Secretary of State James G. Blaine, invitation to Pan-American conference, 1881

34.

Although the U.S. government acted only as a friend to its Latin American neighbors, as indicated in this excerpt, American _____ were permitted to influence the _____ of those nations.

a.	politicians, opportunities	c.	generals, armies
b.	businesses, economies	d.	presidents, legislatures

“Sea power is essential to the greatness of every splendid people.”

–Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

35.

If the U.S. was to increase its naval power as the twentieth century approached, which of these was most important?

a.	creating new designs for uniforms for sailors and naval officers
b.	finding more money from Congress to build more sailing ships
c.	acquiring secure overseas bases to refuel, resupply, and repair warships
d.	building a large fleet of merchant ships for international trading

“Whereas the Government of the Republic of Hawaii having, in due form, signified its consent, in the manner provided by its constitution, to cede absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands . . .

“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That said cession is accepted, ratified, and confirmed, and that the said Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies be, and they are hereby, annexed as a part of the territory of the United States and are subject to the sovereign dominion thereof, . . .”

–from the resolution for annexation of Hawaii, signed July 7, 1898

36.

Despite much opposition, annexation of Hawaii was first approved by President _____, then opposed by President _____, and finally was signed into law by President _____.

a.	Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft
b.	James A. Garfield, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft
c.	Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley
d.	Benjamin Harrison, William Howard Taft, Grover Cleveland

“Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I . . . yield my authority.”

37.

This statement of abdication was made under protest by

a.	King Kamehameha I.	c.	Sanford Dole.
b.	John Stevens.	d.	Queen Liliuokalani.

“ . . .It is most important that the political development of Hawaii shall be a growth from former conditions rather than that the present political plant should be uprooted and another started in its place. It is fortunate there was no sudden change of the civil system upon the transfer of sovereignty. That in itself was shock enough for the time being. . . .
“Without doubt the union of little Hawaii with great America lifts the curtain before a future full of great possibilities to Hawaii. . . .

“We shall undoubtedly have our disappointments. There will be some bad mixed with the good. But there will be growth beyond all our precedents. Our local world will be larger and we shall be in touch with the great communities of the rest of the world. We are Americans now, for better or worse.”

–Sanford Dole, 1900

38.

Whose interests would the U.S. annexation of Hawaii and “growth from former conditions” most serve?

a.	Native Hawaiians	c.	workers on sugar plantations
b.	American sugar planters	d.	Queen Liliuokalani

“How long are the Spaniards to drench Cuba with the blood and tears of her people?

“. . . How long shall old men and women and children be murdered by the score, the innocent victims of Spanish rage against the patriot armies they cannot conquer?

“. . . How long shall the United States sit idle and indifferent . . .?”
–editorial, New York World

39.

This editorial plea for U.S. intervention in Cuba is an example of

a.	imperialism.	c.	isolationism.
b.	yellow journalism.	d.	malpractice.

“I have been criticized a good deal about the Philippines, but don't deserve it. The truth is I didn't want the Philippines, and when they came to us, as a gift from the gods, I did not know what to do with them. When the Spanish War broke out, Dewey was at Hongkong, and I ordered him to go to Manila and to capture or destroy the Spanish fleet, and he had to; because, if defeated, he had no place to refit on that side of the globe, and if the Dons were victorious, they would likely cross the Pacific and ravage our Oregon and California coasts. And so he had to destroy the Spanish fleet, and did it! But that was as far as I thought then. . . .”

40.

This excerpt about the Philippines is a quotation from _____, who was pressured to respond to events in Cuba.

a.	Emilio Aguinaldo	c.	George Dewey
b.	Theodore Roosevelt	d.	William McKinley

“. . .[T]here was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the _____, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God's grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men . . . And then I went to bed, and went to sleep, and slept soundly, and the next morning I sent for the chief engineer of the War Department (our map-maker), and I told him to put _____ on the map of the United States [pointing to a large map on the wall of his office], and there they are, and there they will stay while I am President!”
–President William McKinley, 1899

41.

Which words correctly fill in the blanks for this passage?

a.	Hawaiians, Hawaii	c.	Puerto Ricans, Puerto Rico
b.	Cubans, Cuba	d.	Filipinos, the Philippines

“We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is ‘criminal aggression.’. . .”

–1900

42.

This excerpt expresses the opinions of those opposed to American foreign expansion who were called

a.	the Republican Party	c.	the Progressive Party
b.	the anti-imperialists	d.	the imperialists

“. . . The infantry got nearer and nearer the crest of the hill. . . . Then I stopped my men for fear they should injure their comrades, and called to them to charge the next line of trenches, . . . Thinking that the men would all come, I jumped over the wire fence in front of us and started at the double; but, as a matter of fact, the troopers were so excited, what with shooting and being shot, and shouting and cheering, that they did not hear, or did not heed me; and after running about a hundred yards I found I had only five men along with me. Bullets were ripping the grass all around us, . . .”

–Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders, 1899

43.

This passage about fighting in Cuba during the Spanish-American War indicates _____.

a.	the confusion of battle	c.	the bravery of the Spaniards
b.	the fear of soldiers	d.	the power of machine guns

President Theodore Roosevelt, determined to build the Panama Canal, backed a revolution in Panama. He said “I took the canal zone and let Congress debate,” and later remarked, “and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.”

44.

As expressed in this passage, Roosevelt’s attitude and actions in securing land for the Panama Canal _____ many Latin Americans, some members of Congress, as well as many ordinary Americans.

a.	amused	c.	pleased
b.	angered	d.	disappointed

“[Panama was mostly] a damp, tropical jungle, intensely hot, swarming with mosquitoes. . . .”

45.

The mosquitoes mentioned in this excerpt from an English writer’s description carried the deadly diseases of

a.	smallpox and scarlet fever.	c.	rickets and diphtheria.
b.	influenza and malaria.	d.	yellow fever and malaria.

“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

46.

This quotation characterizing U.S. foreign policy, often associated with Theodore Roosevelt, is actually

a.	a quotation from the Bible.	c.	a traditional African proverb.
b.	an old Chinese saying.	d.	a famous Greek remark.

“[We have a duty] to teach the South American republics to elect good men.”

47.

Who characterized U.S. Latin American policy in this way?

a.	Theodore Roosevelt	c.	William Howard Taft
b.	Woodrow Wilson	d.	Henry Cabot Lodge

48.

Based on the time line, the Spanish-American War was fought during the administration of which president?

a.	Taft	c.	McKinley
b.	Roosevelt	d.	Cleveland

49.

In what year was the Roosevelt Corollary issued?

a.	1901	c.	1909
b.	1904	d.	1910

50.

Who was president when the Panama Canal opened?

a.	Wilson	c.	Roosevelt
b.	Taft	d.	McKinley

51.

According to the map, most United States overseas possessions in 1900 were _____.

a.	in Hawaii	c.	in the Atlantic Ocean
b.	in the United States	d.	In the Pacific Ocean

52.

Based on the maps, on which of the following islands was the Spanish-American war not fought?

a.	Cuba	c.	Puerto Rico
b.	Dominican Republic	d.	Luzon

53.

Based on the map, which of the following was not the name of a lock system on the Panama Canal?

a.	Gatun	c.	Pedro Miguel
b.	Gaillard	d.	Miraflores

54.

Which two bodies of water did the length of the Panama Canal connect?

a.	Bay of Panama & Madden Lake	c.	Caribbean Sea & Gatun Lake
b.	Bay of Panama & Gatun Lake	d.	Caribbean Sea & Bay of Panama

55.

Based on the bar graph, in which of the following years would the U.S. Navy have been about twice the size it was in 1893?

a.	1895	c.	1900
b.	1898	d.	1904

56.

In the bar graph, how is the size of the United States Navy indicated?

a.	number of sailors	c.	number of ships
b.	number of soldiers	d.	number of historical statistics

57.

Based on the map, on which Hawaiian island is the state capital located? National and state capitals are usually indicated on maps with stars.

a.	Hawaii	c.	Honolulu
b.	Maui	d.	Oahu

58.

Which major island in the Hawaiian island chain is the farthest east?

a.	Kaula	c.	Hawaii
b.	Kauai	d.	Hilo

59.

Based on the profile map of the Panama Canal, which natural body of water is not at sea level?

a.	Atlantic Ocean	c.	Miraflores Locks
b.	Gatun Lake	d.	Pacific Ocean

60.

Traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, which is the first system of locks a ship would pass through?

a.	Pedro Miguel Locks	c.	Colon Locks
b.	Miraflores Locks	d.	Gatun Locks

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	James G. Blaine	d.	John Hay
b.	Guantanamo Bay	e.	Pearl Harbor
c.	imperialism

61.

policy of creating large empires

62.

helped foster Pan-American Union

63.

site of U.S. naval base

64.

proposed Open Door policy

65.

United States naval base in Cuba

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Pago Pago	d.	Alaska
b.	Rough Riders	e.	Francisco "Pancho" Villa
c.	King Kamehameha I

66.

purchased from Russia

67.

unified Hawaiian Islands

68.

United States naval base in Samoa

69.

captured San Juan Hill

70.

Mexican rebel

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	dollar diplomacy	d.	isthmus
b.	Platt Amendment	e.	anarchy
c.	armistice

71.

peace agreement

72.

conditions for Cuba

73.

Panama

74.

lawlessness

75.

Taft’s policy

Short Answer

76.

	How many years passed between the time Americans arrived in Hawaii and the islands became a territory?

77.

	Was Hawaii a territory or a state first?

78.

	Why do you think Hawaiian sugar growers resented the sugar tariff?

79.

	Before Hawaii became a territory, for how many years was its sugar allowed to be exported to the United States without a tariff?

80.

	What was the ultimate result of the sugar tariff?

81.

	Why might native Hawaiians have resented the control exerted by the United States?

“While the great powers of Europe are steadily enlarging their colonial domination in
Asia and Africa, it is the [particular] province of this country to improve and expand its trade with the nations of America.”

–James G. Blaine, 1884

82.

	The United States foreign policy suggested in this passage would be to whose advantage?

“. . . For more than an hour and a half cannonading had continued, keeping in suspense the hopes of those on the opposite shore of the bay, who with their hearts took part in this unequal struggle, in which, as ever, the Spanish sailors went down with their ships rather than strike their colors. Anxiously we asked, "What is going on at Cavite?" From Manila we could see by the aid of glasses the two squadrons almost confounded and enveloped in clouds of smoke. Owing to the inferiority of our batteries it was evident that the enemy was triumphant, . . .”

–a journalist reports on the Battle of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898

83.

	From which country’s point of view is featured in this excerpt from a reporter’s account of the naval engagement?

84.

	Which two U.S. possessions on the map eventually became states?

Essay

85.

	When Hawaii was annexed to the United States, how did Hawaiians feel?

86.

	What were the spheres of influence in China by the late 1890s?

87.

	Why was the United States interested in Panama?

88.

	How did the Treaty of Paris affect the Spanish empire?

89.

	How is annexation of an area different from making it a protectorate?

90.

	What role, if any, did each of the following play in American intervention in Latin America: dollar diplomacy, big stick diplomacy, and moral diplomacy?