True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, people moved to the cities to take factory
jobs.
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2.
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After the Civil War, most immigrants arrived from Great Britain and Northern
Europe.
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3.
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Most immigrants settled in cities and looked for factory work.
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4.
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People with the same language and customs tended to live in the same
neighborhoods.
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5.
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Americans were happy that immigrants would accept lower wages than would
American-born workers.
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6.
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As more immigrants arrived, people became more accepting of the new racial and
ethnic groups.
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7.
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Cities offered jobs, stores, and entertainment, so they improved the quality of
life for all who moved to them.
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8.
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Cities included both the rich and the poor.
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9.
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The rapid growth of cities made it easier to solve problems such as disease,
crime, and poor sanitation.
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10.
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Examples of middle-class workers included doctors, lawyers, managers, and
factory laborers.
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11.
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Many middle-class families moved from cities to the suburbs.
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12.
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Middle-class city dwellers lived in nicer parts of the city, known as tenement
districts.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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13.
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Along with economic troubles, what condition drove people to emigrate?
a. | high cost of housing | c. | persecution | b. | weather | d. | poor schools |
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14.
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How long did it take immigrants to cross the Atlantic Ocean?
a. | 12 days | c. | 30 days | b. | 60 days | d. | 10 days |
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15.
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Most Asian immigrants went through the processing center on
a. | Ellis Island. | c. | Long Island. | b. | Harbor Island. | d. | Angel Island. |
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16.
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What legislation required that immigrants be able to read and write in some
language?
a. | Chinese Exclusion Act | c. | Asian Immigration Act | b. | Immigration Act of
1917 | d. | European Exclusion
Act |
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17.
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What settlement house was founded by Jane Addams?
a. | Hull House | c. | Addams House | b. | Settlement Aid House | d. | Jane's
House |
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18.
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Who designed New York's Central Park and several parks in Boston?
a. | Jane Addams | c. | Jacob Riis | b. | Frederick Law Olmsted | d. | Louis Sullivan |
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19.
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Who argued that schools should relate learning to the interests, problems, and
concerns of students?
a. | Jane Addams | c. | Jacob Riis | b. | John Dewey | d. | Joseph Pulitzer |
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20.
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What provided funds for land-grant colleges?
a. | Hull House | c. | Morrill Act | b. | Pulitzer Prize | d. | churches |
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21.
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What magazine, published in the late 1800s and early 1900s, is still published
today?
a. | Newsweek | c. | McCall's | b. | Life | d. | Atlantic
Monthly |
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22.
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"Moving pictures" were invented by
a. | Mark Twain. | c. | Thomas Edison. | b. | Andrew Carnegie. | d. | Paul Laurence
Dunbar. |
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23.
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Many people immigrate to the United States because of
a. | poor schools. | c. | economic troubles. | b. | no factory jobs. | d. | war. |
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24.
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To cross the Pacific Ocean to the United States, immigrants traveled for
a. | 12 days. | c. | 10 days. | b. | several weeks. | d. | 3 months. |
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25.
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What was the first law passed to limit immigration?
a. | Immigration Act of 1917 | c. | European Exclusion
Act | b. | Asian Immigration Act | d. | Chinese Exclusion Act |
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26.
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Many immigrants lived in urban apartment slums called
a. | high-rises. | c. | tenements. | b. | suburbs. | d. | studios. |
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27.
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Who wrote about tenant houses in New York?
a. | Louis Sullivan | c. | Jacob Riis | b. | Grace Abbott | d. | Mark Twain |
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28.
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What New York bridge opened in 1883?
a. | Brooklyn Bridge | c. | Manhattan Bridge | b. | Eads Bridge | d. | London Bridge |
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29.
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Which writer described the joys and sorrows of the upper-class
Easterners?
a. | Mark Twain | c. | Lewis Hine | b. | Edith Wharton | d. | Stephen Crane |
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30.
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Who was the American artist who painted stormy sea scenes?
a. | Thomas Eakins | c. | Mary Cassatt | b. | James Whistler | d. | Winslow Homer |
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31.
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Rooting for the home team or a local star became a favorite pastime for people
who attended
a. | ragtime shows. | c. | spectator sports. | b. | land-grant colleges. | d. | vaudeville
shows. |
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32.
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What were the beginning of today's multimillion-dollar film
industry?
a. | nickelodeons | c. | "moving pictures" | b. | film
shows | d. | radio
programs |
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“We all trembled because of the strangeness and the confusion. . . . Some were weak
from no movement and exercise, and some were sick because of the smells and the unfresh air. But
somehow this did not matter because now we knew it was almost over.”
–Bianca De Carli | |
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33.
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 This 1913 excerpt describes how _____ felt when they
saw New York City. a. | new factory workers | c. | skyscraper construction workers | b. | arriving
immigrants | d. | wealthy hotel
guests |
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“We were so long on the water that we
began to think we should never get to America.
We were all
landed on an island and the bosses there said that Francisco and I must go back because we had not
enough money, but a man named Bartolo came up an told them
that . . . he was our uncle and would
take care of us. . . . We came to Brooklyn to a wooden house on Adams Street that was full of
Italians from Naples. Bartolo had a room on the third floor and there were fifteen men in the room,
all boarding with Bartolo.”
–Two brothers arrive
in America from Italy in the 1870s | |
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34.
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 The description in this passage indicates the _____
sometimes encountered by immigrants on arrival in the United States. a. | strangeness and danger | c. | anger and surprise | b. | difficulties and confusion | d. | boredom and
fatigue |
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“We started work at seven-thirty in the morning, and during the busy season we worked
until nine in the evening. They didn’t pay you any overtime and they didn’t give you
anything for supper money. Sometimes they’d give you a little apple pie if you had to work very
late.”
–Pauline Newman | |
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35.
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 Many new immigrants to New York worked hours like
these in sweatshops in the_____ industry. a. | construction | c. | garment | b. | restaurant | d. | day-labor |
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“Whereas, in the opinion of the Government of the
United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain
localities within the territory: Therefore,
“Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the
expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years
next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the
same is hereby, suspended . . .”
–from the Chinese
Exclusion Act, 1882 | |
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36.
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 Laws such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, excerpted
here, were passed in response to ____ in America. a. | increasing crime | c. | anti-immigrant feeling | b. | rising
unemployment | d. | overpopulation
concerns |
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“WHEN once I asked the
agent of a notorious Fourth Ward alley how many people might be living in it I was told: One hundred
and forty families, one hundred Irish, thirty-eight Italian, and two that spoke the German tongue.
Barring the agent herself, there was not a native-born individual in the court. The answer was
characteristic of the cosmopolitan character of lower New York, very nearly so of the whole of it,
wherever it runs to alleys and courts. One may find for the asking an Italian, a German, a French,
African, Spanish, Bohemian, Russian, Scandinavian, Jewish, and Chinese colony. Even the Arab, who
peddles "holy earth" from the Battery as a direct importation from Jerusalem, has his
exclusive preserves at the lower end of Washington Street. The one thing you shall vainly ask for in
the chief city of America is a distinctively American community. There is none; certainly not among
the tenements.”
–Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
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37.
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 In this excerpt, how does Riis characterize
“the distinctly American community”? a. | It is composed of the original residents of the old parts of the East
Coast. | b. | It is made of Native American groups that first lived in North
America. | c. | It doesn’t exist; American communities are mixtures of varied
peoples. | d. | It is the Dutch settlers of the first colony, New
Amsterdam. |
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“. . . The Italian scavenger of our time is fast
graduating into exclusive control of the corner fruit stands, while his black-eyed boy monopolizes
the bootblacking industry, in which a few years ago he was an intruder. The Irish hod carrier in the
second generation has become a brick layer, if not the alderman of his ward; while the Chinese coolie
is in almost exclusive possession of the laundry business. The reason is obvious. The poorest
immigrant comes here with the purpose and ambition to better himself, and, given half a chance, might
be reasonably expected to make the most of it. . . .”
–Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives | |
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38.
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 This passage from Riis’s description of ethnic
communities in the slums of New York City shows that immigrants _____ to _____ their lives. a. | do little; make easier | c. | neglect;
examine | b. | work hard; improve | d. | fail; make progress |
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“We would like to live in the front, but we can’t pay the rent. . . . Why, they
have the sun in there. When the door is opened the light comes right in your face.”
–a young Polish immigrant in the late 1800s | |
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39.
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 This excerpt describes the yearning of dwellers in
the back sections of New York’s a. | hotels. | c. | city parks. | b. | dockyards. | d. | tenements. |
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“Fashionable people cultivate and refine themselves,
for fashion demands this of them. Progress is fashion's watchword; it never stands still; it
always advances, it values and appreciates beauty in woman and talent and genius in man. It is
certainly always most charitable . . . I know the general belief is that all fashionable people are
hollow and heartless. . . . I have found as warm, sympathetic, loving hearts in the garb of fashion
as out of it. A thorough acquaintance with the world enables them to distinguish the wheat from the
chaff, so that all the good work they do is done with knowledge and effect. . .
.”
–Ward McAllister, Society As I Have Found
It, 1890 | |
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40.
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 McAllister’s statement in this passage
indicates a bias in favor of a. | successful businesspeople. | c. | fashionable
people. | b. | famous scientists. | d. | great artists. |
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“The _____ is an institution in New York. The police deny its existence while nursing
the bruises received in nightly battles with it. . . . The _____ is the ripe fruit of tenement-house
growth. It was born there.”
–Jacob
Riis | |
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41.
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 Which word best fills in the blanks for this
description of impoverished life in New York City? a. | gang | c. | settlement house | b. | tuberculosis | d. | party |
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“. . .The policy of the public authorities of never
taking an initiative, and always waiting to be urged to do their duty, is obviously fatal in a
neighborhood where there is little initiative among the citizens. The idea underlying our
self-government breaks down in such a ward. The streets are inexpressibly dirty, the number of
schools inadequate, sanitary legislation unenforced, the street lighting bad, the paving miserable
and altogether lacking in the alleys and smaller streets, and the stables foul beyond description.
Hundreds of houses are unconnected with the street sewer. The older and richer inhabitants seem
anxious to move away as rapidly as they can afford it. . . .”
–Jane Addams, recalling the early days of Hull
House | |
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42.
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 To improve living conditions of poor neighborhoods
such as those described in this passage, Jane Addams and others established a. | new businesses. | c. | cultural events. | b. | settlement houses. | d. | low-income
suburbs. |
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“ . . . All the neglect and bad education and evil example of a poor class tend to
form others, who, as they mature, swell the ranks of ruffians and criminals. So, at length, a great
multitude of ignorant, untrained, passionate, irreligious boys and young men are formed, who become
the "dangerous class" of our city . . .”
–Charles Loring Brace, The Dangerous Classes of New York,
1872 | |
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43.
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 In this excerpt, what groups does Brace include in
his “dangerous classes”? a. | sweatshop workers | c. | radical students | b. | street gangs | d. | unhappy
servants |
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“On us rests partially the responsibility, and
partially on the public. We have at times individually sought to lead the public, when we more wisely
should have followed it; and have, as a body, often followed, when, with beneficent results we could
have led. While we may compromise for a time, through a process of local adaptation, no architectural
style can become a finality that runs counter to popular feeling.”
–Louis Sullivan, speech to architects, 1885 | |
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44.
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 In this excerpt from a speech, Sullivan tells fellow
architects that they should _____ when they design and build. a. | lead the public | c. | follow European styles | b. | ignore public
taste | d. | pay attention to
public opinion |
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“. . . For this purpose . . . we want a ground to
which people may easily go after their day's work is done, and where they may stroll for an
hour, seeing, hearing, and feeling nothing of the bustle and jar of the streets—where they
shall, in effect, find the city put far away from them. . . . Practically, what we most want is a
simple, broad, open space of clean greensward, with sufficient play of surface and a sufficient
number of trees about it to supply a variety of light and shade. This we want as a central feature.
We want depth of wood enough about it not only for comfort in hot weather but to completely shut out
the city from our landscapes. . . .”
–Frederick
Law Olmsted, "Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns," 1870 | |
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45.
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 In this passage, Olmsted describes the creation of
a. | national forests. | c. | city parks. | b. | country clubs. | d. | race tracks. |
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“It won’t be a stylish marriage, I can’t
afford a carriage, but you’ll look sweet upon the seat of a _________ built for
two.” | |
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46.
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 Which word best completes the lyrics to this song
about a form of transportation that took the country by storm in the late 1800s? a. | Model T | c. | bicycle | b. | motorcar | d. | wagon |
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“. . . Of course, there had previously been some
ladylike tennis and croquet playing, skating and archery on the distaff side, but it was only by a
small minority, in a spirit of high adventure, or as an excuse to wear some jaunty, if tight fitting,
sporting costumes. The real beginning of swimming the Channel for mommer, popper, the babies on our
block, . . ; of tennis quarrels, and similar amenities of feminine sport, is found in the great
bicycle craze of the Nineties, which put the world awheel. . . . Bicycles were at first constructed
for skirted females. Then some intrepid women revived the bloomer . . . and rode men's bikes in
them.”
–Henry Collins Brown, In the Golden
Nineties | |
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47.
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 This passage explains that popular participation by
women in sports began in the 1890s with a. | tennis playing. | c. | bicycle riding. | b. | skating. | d. | swimming. |
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“. . . This newly-invented vehicle had by this time
about wholly superseded the old, slow-moving horse car. The greater speed of this new transportation
system made it a popular vehicle, especially in those remote sections of Greater [?] New
York where lamps were still lighted only in the dark of the moon.
“The power that furnished the transit also furnished the light. The small incandescent lamp was
perfected by this time . . .”
–Henry Collins Brown,
In the Golden Nineties | |
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48.
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 What is the new mode of transit touched on in this
passage? a. | the subway | c. | the carriage | b. | the automobile | d. | the trolley |
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49.
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  Which event on the time line
occurred during Rutherford B. Hayes’s presidential administration? a. | Great Chicago fire | c. | Statue of Liberty dedicated | b. | Chinese Exclusion
Act passed | d. | none of the
above |
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50.
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  Based on the maps, Japanese
immigrants settled most heavily in which state? a. | California | c. | Washington | b. | Oregon | d. | New York |
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51.
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  Based on the circle graphs, which
of the following statements is most likely true about the number of Central European immigrants to
the United States? a. | It stayed the same between 1890 and 1930. | b. | It decreased between
1890 and 1930. | c. | It increased between 1890 and 1930. | d. | It increased between 1830 and
1890. |
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52.
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 Based on the bar graph, in which year did the urban
population exceed the rural population in the United States? a. | 1860 | c. | 1930 | b. | 1900 | d. | none of the
above |
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53.
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 Based on the graph, in which year was the urban
population closest to the rural population in the United States?
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54.
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 Which of the following years does the line graph not
address? a. | 1910 | c. | 1930 | b. | 1860 | d. | all of the
above |
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55.
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 In what year between 1880 and 1910 was Northern and
Western European immigration the lowest?
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56.
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 Based on the line graph, in which of the following
decades did immigration from Asia, Africa, and South America reach 500,000? a. | 1920s | c. | 1900s | b. | 1910s | d. | 1890s |
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57.
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  What information is presented on
the vertical axis of this line graph? a. | Average number of days attended per year | b. | U.S. Department of
Education | c. | Length of School Year, 1800–1920 | d. | an increasing
trend |
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58.
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  What trend is shown in this line
graph? a. | constant production over time | c. | increase in production over
time | b. | decrease in production over time | d. | increase in immigration over
time |
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59.
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 Which were the two largest immigrant groups to the
United States in 1914? IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES* | | | 1870 | 1914 | | | Africa | 31 | 1,539 | | | Australia and New
Zealand | 36 | 1,336 | | | Canada | 40,414 | 36,139 | | | China | 15,740 | 2,502 | | | Germany | 118,225 | 35,734 | | | Great Britain | 103,677 | 48,729 | | | India | 24 | 221 | | | Ireland | 56,996 | 24,688 | | | Italy | 2,801 | 283,738 | | | Japan | 48 | 8,920 | | | Mexico | 463 | 14,614 | | | Poland | 223 | — | | | Scandinavia | 30,742 | 29,391 | | | Turkey | — | 21,716 | | | USSR (& Baltic
countries) | 907 | 255,660 | | | West Indies | 1,679 | 14,451 | | | Total Immigrants | 387,203 | 1,218,480 | | | Total U.S. Population | 39,905,000 | 99,111,000 | ** | | | *Selected Countries | **Estimate | | | | |
a. | Great Britain & Germany | b. | Germany & USSR (& Baltic
countries) | c. | Italy & USSR (& Baltic countries) | d. | Great Britain &
USSR (& Baltic countries) |
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60.
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  Based on the line graph, in what
year was immigration to the United States from Asia less than 5,000?
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61.
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  Which of the following trends is
shown in the line graph above? a. | a decrease in urban and rural populations | b. | an increase in rural
and urban populations | c. | a decrease in urban population and an increase
in rural population | d. | a decrease in rural population and an increase
in urban population |
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62.
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  How many of the foods in the table
above were introduced to Americans from Europe in the nineteenth century?
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | suburbs | d. | Howard University | b. | settlement houses | e. | tenements | c. | Bryn
Mawr |
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63.
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urban apartment slums
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64.
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site of middle-class housing
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65.
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provided medical care
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66.
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women's college
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67.
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African American college
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Jane Addams | d. | Morrill Act | b. | Emma Lazarus | e. | sweatshop | c. | Booker T.
Washington |
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68.
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clothing factory
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69.
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poet
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70.
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founded Chicago’s Hull House
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71.
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gave federal land for education
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72.
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Tuskegee Institute founder
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Mark Twain | d. | emigrated | b. | Mary Cassatt | e. | steerage | c. | ethnic
groups |
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73.
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minorities
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74.
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regionalist writer
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75.
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left homeland
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76.
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lower decks of ship
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77.
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impressionist painter
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Short Answer
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78.
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 | Which type of college was the least common in all three years shown? | | |
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79.
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 | In which year were there the most "men only" colleges? | | |
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80.
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 | What is the trend for "men and women" colleges between 1870 and 1910? | | |
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81.
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 | Which type of college was most common in 1910? | | |
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82.
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 | In which year were there the most "women only" colleges? | | |
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83.
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 | What is the trend for "men only" colleges between 1870 and 1910? | | |
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“ . . . To say that [immigrants] are not assimilable argues ignorance. The
facts show that they adopt American standards of living and that they are permeated
[filled] with the spirit of our institutions. It is said that they speak foreign languages,
but in those foreign languages they are taught to love our Government. . . .”
–Attorney Louis Marshall, 1924 | |
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84.
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 | In this passage, does Marshall feel that immigrants to the United States can fit into
American society? | | |
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“We were ready to perform the humblest neighborhood services. We were asked to wash
the new-born babies, and to prepare the dead for burial, to nurse the sick, and to ‘mind the
children.’”
–Jane Addams | |
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85.
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 | Addams is describing in this passage the work done by which place? | | |
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86.
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 | Which of the three immigrant groups settled in the greatest
numbers between 1900–1930? | | |
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87.
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 | Based on the map, how many Eastern cities had populations in
excess of 500,000 in 1900? | | |
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Essay
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88.
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| | How did the pattern of immigration to the United States change in the
mid-1800s? | | |
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89.
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| | Which distinctly American kinds of music became popular in the late 1800s and the early
1900s? | | |
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90.
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| | How did the desire of immigrants to assimilate conflict with the need to preserve some
aspects of their own culture? | | |
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91.
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| | Why were the late 1800s known as the Gilded Age? | | |
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92.
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| | How did architects of the time period address the problem of limited space in
cities? | | |
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93.
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| | Describe the problems that caused people to immigrate to the United States, and the problems
immigrants faced after their arrival. | | |
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