True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
|
|
|
1.
|
In 1858 gold was found at Pike’s Peak in the Colorado Rockies.
|
|
|
2.
|
The act passed in 1862 providing free land to settlers was called the Free Land
Act.
|
|
|
3.
|
Miners, ranchers, and farmers settled in the Rocky Mountains.
|
|
|
4.
|
Prospectors attracted by gold strikes in Colorado and Nevada found other metals
as well.
|
|
|
5.
|
The discovery of valuable minerals helped bring the railroads west.
|
|
|
6.
|
Wagons and stage coaches could not move people and supplies fast enough to meet
demand.
|
|
|
7.
|
Wealthy railroad owners built the railroads with their own money or loans from
the bank.
|
|
|
8.
|
The entire transcontinental rail line was constructed by one large railroad
company.
|
|
|
9.
|
Farmers, whose days were regulated by the Sun, created new time zones as they
moved west.
|
|
|
10.
|
Texas ranchers had plenty of cattle, but the best markets were in the North and
the East.
|
|
|
11.
|
Texas ranchers organized cattle drives to herd cattle from their ranches to the
butchers in the East.
|
|
|
12.
|
Ranchers produced hardier, plumper cattle and eventually replaced cattle
drivers.
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
13.
|
Which state joined the Union in 1876?
a. | Colorado | c. | Montana | b. | Oklahoma | d. | Kansas |
|
|
|
14.
|
The Central Pacific relied on workers who were
a. | Chinese. | c. | Irish. | b. | German. | d. | African
American. |
|
|
|
15.
|
Riding, roping, and branding skills were first developed by
a. | dry farmers. | c. | vaqueros. | b. | sodbusters. | d. | homesteaders. |
|
|
|
16.
|
What is it called when thousands of cattle run in panic?
a. | dry farming | c. | a branding | b. | homesteading | d. | a stampede |
|
|
|
17.
|
Which two Native American nations lived as farmers and hunters?
a. | Arapaho and Apache | c. | Sioux and Comanche | b. | Omaha and Osage | d. | Cheyenne and
Apache |
|
|
|
18.
|
The Indian Peace Commission recommended that native Americans be
a. | eliminated. | c. | moved to reservations. | b. | honored. | d. | captured or killed. |
|
|
|
19.
|
Who was the Civil War veteran defeated by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse?
a. | Helen Hunt Jackson | c. | J.M. Chivington | b. | William McKinley | d. | George Custer |
|
|
|
20.
|
The last Native American to surrender formally to the United States was
a. | Sitting Bull. | c. | Crazy Horse. | b. | Geronimo. | d. | Chief Joseph. |
|
|
|
21.
|
United States soldiers killed more than 200 Lakota Sioux at
a. | Sand Creek. | c. | Wounded Knee. | b. | San Carlos. | d. | Ghost Dance. |
|
|
|
22.
|
What organization formed the People's Party?
a. | National Grange | c. | Federal Farmers Association | b. | 4-H
Club | d. | Farmers'
Alliances |
|
|
|
23.
|
The network of farmers' self-help organizations eventually came to be
called the
a. | Southern Alliance. | c. | Long Drive. | b. | National Grange. | d. | Pikes Peak. |
|
|
|
24.
|
The Union Pacific relied on workers who were
a. | Chinese. | c. | Irish and African American. | b. | British. | d. | German. |
|
|
|
25.
|
A symbol that marks ownership burned into the hide of cattle is called
a. | a homestead. | c. | a brand. | b. | dry farming. | d. | a sodbuster. |
|
|
|
26.
|
What was one approach of the sodbusters?
a. | dry farming | c. | lode farming | b. | wet farming | d. | ore farming |
|
|
|
27.
|
Texas ranches that were not fenced in or divided into lots were
a. | sodbusters. | c. | open range ranches. | b. | dry farms. | d. | branding farms. |
|
|
|
28.
|
What nomadic Plains nation followed the buffalo?
a. | Crow | c. | Cheyenne | b. | Apache | d. | Sioux |
|
|
|
29.
|
Who was the Apache leader who led raids against settlers and the army in Arizona
during the 1880s?
a. | Geronimo | c. | Crazy Horse | b. | Chief Joseph | d. | Sitting Bull |
|
|
|
30.
|
The break up reservations and encouraging Native Americans to become farmers was
proposed by the
a. | Bureau of Indian Affairs. | c. | Dawes Act. | b. | Freedman's
Bureau. | d. | Native American
Act. |
|
|
|
31.
|
Sitting Bull was killed when police tried to arrest him for mistakenly believing
he was leading
a. | Wounded Knee. | c. | raids in Arizona. | b. | the Ghost Dance movement. | d. | the Dawes Act
Rebellion. |
|
|
|
32.
|
Which was not a legacy of the Populist Party that the government
adopted?
a. | abandon the gold standard | c. | add a federal income
tax | b. | adopt an eight-hour workday | d. | limit presidents to one term |
|
|
|
The Gold Seeker’s
Song
We’ll cross the bold Missouri, and we’ll steer for the West,
And
we’ll take the road we think is shortest and the best,
We’ll travel over plains where
the wind is blowing bleak,
And the sandy wastes shall echo
with—Hurrah for Pikes Peak | |
|
|
|
33.
|
 The gold rush that inspired this song began in _____
in _____. a. | California; 1849 | c. | Nevada; 1862 | b. | Colorado; 1858 | d. | Alaska; 1880 |
|
|
|
“Hurra for Pike’s Peak! Hurra for Pike’s Peak! There’s gold in the
Mount’n, there’s gold in the vale, There’s plenty for all who are willing to seek.
Believe me; believe me—‘tis no idle tale. Come, hurra for Pike’s Peak!”
–1859 Kansas newspaper article | |
|
|
|
34.
|
 About how many prospectors were inspired by similar
writings to seek gold in the Colorado Rockies by the spring of 1859? a. | 3,000 | c. | 50,000 | b. | 15,000 | d. | 150,000 |
|
|
|
“When they came to drive
the last spike, Governor Stanford [of California], president of the Central Pacific, took
the sledge, and the first time he struck he missed the spike and hit the rail.
“What a howl
went up! Irish, Chinese, Mexicans, and everybody yelled with delight. ‘He missed it.
Yee.’ The engineers blew the whistles and rang their bells. Then Stanford tried it again and
tapped the spike and the telegraph operators had fixed their instruments so that the tap was reported
in all the offices east and west, and set bells to tapping in hundreds of towns and cities. . .
.”
–Alexander Toponce, eyewitness,
May 10, 1869
|
|
|
35.
|
 Which group of people that helped to build the
transcontinental railroad is not mentioned in this excerpt? a. | Irish | c. | French | b. | African Americans | d. | Italians |
|
|
|
“ . . .Most all of them
were Southerners, and they were a wild, reckless bunch. For dress they wore wide-brimmed beaver hats,
black or brown with a low crown, fancy shirts, high-heeled boots, and sometimes a vest. Their clothes
and saddles were all homemade. Most of them had an army coat with cape which was slicker and blanket
too. Lay on your saddle blanket and cover up with a coat was about the only bed used on the Texas
trail at first. . . .
As the business grew, great changes took place in their style of dress. . .
. In place of the low-crowned hat of the seventies we had a high-crowned white Stetson hat, fancy
shirts with pockets, and striped or checkered California pants made in Oregon City, . .
.”
–E. C. Abbott and Helena Huntington Smith, We Pointed Them
North
|
|
|
36.
|
 Who are the men that are being described in his
excerpt? a. | railroad workers | c. | Texas ranchers | b. | frontier storekeepers | d. | early cowhands |
|
|
|
“There were worlds of cattle in Texas after the Civil
War. . . . By the time the war was over they was down to four dollars a head—when you could
find a buyer. Here was all these cheap long-horned steers overrunning Texas; here was the rest of the
country crying for beef . . . So they trailed them out, across hundreds of miles of wild country that
was thick with Indians. In 1866 the first Texas herds crossed Red River. In 1867 the town of Abilene
was founded at the end of the Kansas Pacific Railroad and that was when the trail really started. . .
.”
–E. C. Abbott, cowboy in the
1880s | |
|
|
|
37.
|
 Why did the trail really start when Abilene was
founded? a. | Then the ranchers could buy the feed and supplies that they
needed. | b. | Then there was a place for storing the cattle. | c. | Then the cattle
could be shipped by railroad to northern and eastern markets. | d. | Then the price of
cattle made the cattle drives profitable. |
|
|
|
| “One year ago this was a vast houseless, uninhabited prairie. . . .Today I can see
more than thirty dwellings from my door.” | |
|
|
|
38.
|
 In the late 1860s, farmers began settling the Great
Plains. When was this passage by a Nebraska settler written? a. | in the early 1870s | c. | in the late 1870s | b. | in the mid 1870s | d. | in the early
1880s |
|
|
|
“. . . For eleven years [Mrs. Bergson] had
worthily striven to maintain some semblance of household order amid conditions that made order very
difficult. Habit was very strong with Mrs. Bergson, and her unremitting efforts to repeat the routine
of her old life among new surroundings had done a great deal to keep the family from disintegrating
morally and getting careless in their ways. The Bergsons had a log house, for instance, only because
Mrs. Bergson would not live in a sod house. . . .”
–Willa Cather, O Pioneers! | |
|
|
|
39.
|
 According to the excerpt, pioneer women on the Great
Plains a. | were a force for order and stability. | b. | were careless. | c. | could not maintain
household order. | d. | set up housekeeping in ideal conditions. |
|
|
|
“. . . The Indians gradually contracted their circle,
although maintaining the full speed of their ponies, until sufficiently close to open fire upon the
soldiers. . . . [T]he cavalrymen opened fire from their carbines, with most gratifying
results. The Indians, however, moving at such a rapid gait and in single file, presented a most
uncertain target. . . . [T]he savages availed themselves of their superior—almost
marvellous—powers of horsemanship. Throwing themselves upon the sides of their well-trained
ponies, they left no part of their persons exposed to the aim of the troopers except the head and one
foot, and in this posture they were able to aim the weapons either over or under the necks of their
ponies, . . .”
–General G. A. Custer, My Life on the Plains, or Personal
Experiences with Indians, 1876 | |
|
|
|
40.
|
 This passage expresses Custer’s _______________
skills of the Native Americans. a. | astonishment at | c. | respect for | b. | ignorance of | d. | contempt for |
|
|
|
41.
|
 The writer of this passage, along with all of his
men, lost their lives at a. | Fort Lyon. | c. | Wounded Knee. | b. | Little Bighorn. | d. | Sand Creek. |
|
|
|
“We are now held on Comanche and Kiowa lands, which
are not suited to our needs. . . . Our people are decreasing in numbers here, and will continue to
decrease unless they are allowed to return to their native land. . . .
“There is no climate or soil which, to my mind, is
equal to that of Arizona. We could have plenty of good cultivating land, plenty of grass, plenty of
timber and plenty of minerals in that land which the Almighty created for the Apaches. It is my land,
my home, my fathers' land, to which I now ask to be allowed to return. I want to spend my last
days there, and be buried among those mountains. If this could be I might die in peace, feeling that
my people, placed in their native homes, would increase in numbers, . . .”
–Geronimo, Apache chief, August 1877 | |
|
|
|
42.
|
 In this excerpt, Geronimo asks a. | to be given more land for his people. | b. | to return with his people to their native land
in Arizona. | c. | to be given justice in a fair jury trial. | d. | for the U.S.
government to honor their treaty with the Apaches. |
|
|
|
“There is not among these three hundred bands of
Indians [in the United States] one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of
the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band,
the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected... These Indians found
themselves of a sudden surrounded by and caught up in the great influx of gold-seeking settlers, as
helpless creatures on a shore are caught up in a tidal wave. There was not time for the Government to
make treaties; not even time for communities to make laws. . . .”
–Helen Hunt Jackson, A Century of Dishonor | |
|
|
|
43.
|
 According to this excerpt, the arrival of what group
caused the Native Americans to be “caught up in a tidal wave”? a. | homesteaders | c. | gold-seekers | b. | government officials | d. | railroad
companies |
|
|
|
44.
|
 At whose hands does the writer say the Native
Americans have been subjected to cruelty and outrage? a. | the government | c. | both a and b | b. | white settlers | d. | none of the
above |
|
|
|
| “No white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy [or
even] to pass through [these hills]. . . .” | |
|
|
|
45.
|
 In this excerpt from a U.S. government treaty with
Native American groups, to which hills does the agreement refer? a. | the Rockies of Colorado | c. | the Sierra Nevada of
California | b. | the Black Hills of the Dakotas | d. | the Blue Mountains of
Oregon |
|
|
|
“I do not want to sell any land. Not even this much, [he said, holding a pinch
of dust].”
–Sitting Bull, Lakota Sioux leader,
1874 | |
|
|
|
46.
|
 When this statement was made, what had recently
happened in the Black Hills? a. | Because of a misunderstanding, U.S. soldiers and Sioux narrowly avoided getting into
a major battle. | b. | Together with other Native American groups, the Sioux had plans to set up a gold
mining operation in the hills. | c. | The U.S. government had not protected Sioux
treaty rights and instead offered to buy their land. | d. | The U.S. government had secretly made deals
with other Native American groups in the area to allow settlers to build a
town. |
|
|
|
“When the banker says he’s broke
And the
merchant’s up in smoke
They forget that it’s the farmer feeds them all. . . .
The
farmer is the man,
Lives on credit till the fall;
With the interest rates so
high,
It’s a wonder he don’t die,
For the
mortgage man’s the one who gets it all,” | |
|
|
|
47.
|
 This song was written during which period of falling
prices and rising costs for farmers? a. | the last decades of the1700s | c. | the last decades of the
1800s | b. | the first decades of the 1800s | d. | the first decade of the
1900s |
|
|
|
“We propose meeting together, talking together, working together, buying together,
selling together. . . .”
–1874 | |
|
|
|
48.
|
 This excerpt from a declaration of purposes was
written for which organization for farmers? a. | the Mormons | c. | the Southern Alliance | b. | the
Grange | d. | the Shaker
community |
|
|
|
49.
|
  Based on the time line, which U.S.
event occurred during President Lincoln’s administration? a. | Homestead Act passed | c. | Italians establish a united kingdom | b. | Suez Canal
opens | d. | Stanley and
Livingstone meet in Africa |
|
|
|
50.
|
  Which of the following did not
occur in the United States? a. | Wounded Knee massacre | c. | Populist Party formed | b. | X rays
discovered | d. | Dawes Act
passed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
51.
|
 Study the map. Which railroad company began to lay
tracks westward starting in Omaha, Nebraska? a. | the Central Pacific | c. | the Southern Pacific | b. | the Northern Pacific | d. | the Union
Pacific |
|
|
|
52.
|
 In what town did the Central Pacific railroad begin
working eastward? a. | Sacramento | c. | Promontory Summit | b. | Omaha | d. | Virginia City |
|
|
|
53.
|
 In what territory were the two railroads joined with
a golden spike to complete the transcontinental railway? a. | Idaho | c. | Utah | b. | Colorado | d. | Wyoming |
|
|
|
54.
|
  Based on the graph, it can be said
that between 1850 and 1890 the Native American population a. | was stable. | c. | was constantly at war. | b. | decreased. | d. | developed written language. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
55.
|
 The information on this map suggests that the action
at Wounded Knee was essentially which of the following? a. | massacre of whites | c. | a fair fight | b. | massacre of Native
Americans | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
|
56.
|
 In which of the following states did the Sioux people
live in the time period shown on the map? a. | Montana, Wyoming, Colorado | b. | Washington, Oregon, Idaho | c. | North Dakota, South
Dakota, Minnesota | d. | North Dakota, South Dakota,
Montana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
57.
|
 Based on the map, in which state was cattle ranching
a major business? a. | Texas | c. | Iowa | b. | Nebraska | d. | Michigan |
|
|
|
58.
|
 The different cattle trails on the map end at
distinct towns. Which of the following do all the towns have in common? a. | They are all in Kansas. | c. | They are all on railroad
lines. | b. | They are all in the Rocky Mountains. | d. | They are all on the Arkansas
River. |
|
|
|
59.
|
  Based on the diagram, which parts
of the bison used by Native Americans came exclusively from its head? a. | hide, bones, hooves | c. | skull, tongue, horns | b. | horns, tongue, hooves | d. | tail, sinew,
skull |
|
|
|
60.
|
  Based on the diagram, which of the
following was a goal of the Grange? a. | sharecropping | c. | ecology | b. | education | d. | athletics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
61.
|
 According to Map A, in which present-day country did
the buffalo range in North America in 1500? a. | United States | c. | Mexico | b. | Canada | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
|
62.
|
 From the information above, determine which of the
following statements is true. a. | European settlement of North America affected the grasslands but not the
buffalo. | b. | European settlement of North America affected the buffalo but not the
grasslands. | c. | European settlement of North America affected both the grasslands and the
buffalo. | d. | European settlement of North America affected neither the grasslands nor the
buffalo. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
63.
|
 According to the graph, in what year was the
population of Virginia City at its peak?
|
|
|
64.
|
 According to the graph, what was the approximate
population of Virginia City in 1885? a. | 20,000 | c. | 10,000 | b. | 3,000 | d. | 12,000 |
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Central Pacific | d. | sodbusters | b. | time zones | e. | subsidies | c. | free
silver |
|
|
|
65.
|
government grants
|
|
|
66.
|
competed with Union Pacific
|
|
|
67.
|
Plains farmers
|
|
|
68.
|
created by railroad companies
|
|
|
69.
|
demand of Populist Party
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Black Hills | d. | transcontinental railway | b. | Cheyenne | e. | longhorns | c. | “sooners” |
|
|
|
70.
|
connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
|
|
|
71.
|
beat boomers into Oklahoma
|
|
|
72.
|
site of gold in Dakotas
|
|
|
73.
|
tough breed of cattle
|
|
|
74.
|
lived on Great Plains
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Wounded Knee | d. | populism | b. | reservation | e. | National Grange | c. | free
silver |
|
|
|
75.
|
Populist Party issue
|
|
|
76.
|
appeal to common people
|
|
|
77.
|
site of Sioux massacre
|
|
|
78.
|
farmers’ organization
|
|
|
79.
|
tract of land for Native Americans
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
If the rock was moderately promising, we followed the
custom of the country, used strong adjectives, and frothed at the mouth as if a very marvel in silver
discoveries had transpired. If the mine was a ’developed’ one we would squander (waste)
half a column of adulation (praise) on a shaft, or a new wire rope,… or a fascinating force
pump.
–Mark Twain | |
|
|
|
80.
|
 | Who are the "we" Twain refers to in the first sentence? | | |
|
|
|
81.
|
 | What does Twain mean by the term "frothed at the mouth"? | | |
|
|
|
82.
|
 | Who is Twain making fun of in this excerpt? How do you know? | | |
|
|
|
83.
|
 | What does Twain mean when he says “we would squander half a column of
adulation”? | | |
|
|
|
84.
|
 | What does Twain mean by the term "followed the custom of the
country"? | | |
|
|
|
85.
|
 | Do you think Twain is being serious or humorous? Why? | | |
|
|
|
“[the railroad companies] took possession of
the land, [and the bankers] took possession of the farmer.”
–Senator William A. Peffer of Kansas | |
|
|
|
86.
|
 | According to the quote, farmers faced both political and financial problems. What two
organizations were formed to encourage economic self-sufficiency and to try to influence political
decisions for farmers? | | |
|
|
|
“I never taught my people to trust the Americans. I have told them the
truth—that the Americans are great liars.”
–Sioux Chief Sitting Bull | |
|
|
|
87.
|
 | What experience had Sitting Bull had with the Americans that led him to believe they were
“great liars”? | | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
88.
|
 | Based on the map, in what year did Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce lead his people on a long,
fighting retreat through the Northwest and nearly into Canada? | | |
|
Essay
|
|
|
89.
|
| | Why were the railroads so important to the boomtowns? | | |
|
|
|
90.
|
| | What was the Dawes Act? Did it achieve its aims? | | |
|
|
|
91.
|
| | How did railroads change how people measured time? | | |
|
|
|
92.
|
| | Who were the farmers angry with and why? | | |
|
|
|
93.
|
| | What factors attracted settlers to the Plains? | | |
|
|
|
94.
|
| | Describe the event that marked the end of armed conflict between the U.S. government and
Native Americans. | | |
|