Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
Which title did President Nixon say was the greatest honor?
a. | Communist crusader | c. | enemy of Communists | b. | peacemaker | d. | mediator |
|
|
|
2.
|
Nixon realized that détente would work only if what existed?
a. | shuttle diplomacy | c. | embargo | b. | war against communism | d. | balance of
power |
|
|
|
3.
|
What was not captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?
a. | Golan Heights of Syria | c. | East Bank of Syria | b. | Gaza Strip of Egypt | d. | Sinai Peninsula of
Egypt |
|
|
|
4.
|
Henry Kissinger promised Egypt large amounts of
a. | foreign aid. | c. | food relief. | b. | Israeli land. | d. | exports. |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which program was part of President Nixon's New Federalism?
a. | revenue sharing | c. | Great Society programs | b. | busing | d. | War
on Poverty |
|
|
|
6.
|
Nixon ordered the FBI and what agency to investigate his
"enemies"?
a. | National Security Council | c. | Internal Revenue
Service | b. | Secret Service | d. | Republican National Committee |
|
|
|
7.
|
Who was the vice president forced to resign because of a bribery scandal?
a. | Spiro Agnew | c. | Gerald Ford | b. | Pat Nixon | d. | John Dean |
|
|
|
8.
|
Which country did President Carter condemn for its policy of apartheid?
a. | Ethiopia | c. | Uruguay | b. | South Africa | d. | Argentina |
|
|
|
9.
|
President Carter turned control of the Panama Canal over to
a. | Syria. | c. | Egypt. | b. | Mexico. | d. | Panama. |
|
|
|
10.
|
American hostages were held captive by students from which country?
a. | Israel | c. | Iran | b. | Iraq | d. | India |
|
|
|
11.
|
Richard M. Nixon became the first president to go behind the “iron
curtain” when he visited
a. | Egypt. | c. | Romania. | b. | Israel. | d. | East Germany. |
|
|
|
12.
|
What leader did President Ford meet with to discuss limiting nuclear
weapons?
a. | Jimmy Carter | c. | Richard M. Nixon | b. | Leonid Brezhnev | d. | Anwar el-Sadat |
|
|
|
13.
|
Where did the Yom Kippur War take place?
a. | The Middle East | c. | Asia | b. | Australia | d. | Africa |
|
|
|
14.
|
With the help of the CIA, the government of which country was overthrown?
a. | Soviet Union | c. | China | b. | Cuba | d. | Chile |
|
|
|
15.
|
What scandal forced President Nixon to resign?
a. | Agnew | c. | Iran-Contra | b. | Watergate | d. | Middle East |
|
|
|
16.
|
When President Nixon resigned, he was succeeded by
a. | Spiro Agnew. | c. | Jimmy Carter. | b. | John Dean. | d. | Gerald Ford. |
|
|
|
17.
|
What did President Ford offer to men who had illegally avoided military service
during the Vietnam War?
a. | pardons | c. | amnesty | b. | free land | d. | prison terms |
|
|
|
18.
|
Whose death brought the United States and China closer?
a. | Mao Zedong | c. | Leonid Brezhnev | b. | Ayatollah Khomeini | d. | Anwar el-Sadat |
|
|
|
19.
|
In 1979 a major accident at Three Mile Island caused
a. | antitax protests. | c. | anti-nuclear protests. | b. | antihuman rights
protests. | d. | antiwar
protests. |
|
|
|
20.
|
President Carter helped the peace process in the
a. | European nations. | c. | Soviet Union. | b. | Middle East. | d. | Latin American
countries. |
|
|
|
“It will be a safer world and a better world if we
have a strong, healthy United States, Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan—each balancing the
other, not playing one against the other.
–President
Richard M. Nixon | |
|
|
|
21.
|
 This statement refers to the theory of _____ in
United States foreign policy. a. | détente | c. | balance of powers | b. | realpolitik | d. | Monroe Doctrine |
|
|
|
“There must be room in this world for two great
nations with different systems to live together and work together.”
–Leonid Brezhnev | |
|
|
|
22.
|
 The attitude of _____ is shown in this quotation
from the Soviet leader Brezhnev. a. | realpolitik | c. | balance of powers | b. | détente | d. | the Yalta
Agreement |
|
|
|
“We seek an open world—open to ideas, open to
the exchange of goods and people—a world in which no people, great or small, will live in angry
isolation.”
–President Richard M.
Nixon | |
|
|
|
23.
|
 Which two formally isolated countries was President
Nixon successful in establishing relations with? a. | Soviet Union and China | c. | China and France | b. | Soviet Union and Great
Britain | d. | France and Great
Britain |
|
|
|
“I took the tape off, but I didn’t think anything of it.”
–Frank Wills | |
|
|
|
24.
|
 What major scandal began when this security guard
noticed tape covering locks on doors leading to an underground parking garage sometime after midnight
on June 17, 1972, and decided to call the police? a. | the energy crisis | c. | the SALT I crisis | b. | Iran-Contragate | d. | Watergate |
|
|
|
“If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach
the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th century Constitution should be abandoned
to a 20th century paper shredder.”
–Barbara Jordan, Member of the House Judiciary Committee, July 1974 | |
|
|
|
25.
|
 In this quote, Barbara Jordan is commenting on the
system of __________ set forth in the Constitution, and tested during the Watergate crisis. The
crisis revealed that the system worked to remove a president who had abused his power. a. | trial by jury | c. | freedom of speech | b. | checks and balances | d. | executive privilege
|
|
|
|
“We have ended
America's longest war, but in the work of securing a lasting peace in the world, the goals ahead
are even more far-reaching and more difficult. We must complete a structure of peace so that it will
be said of this generation, our generation of Americans, by the people of all nations, not only that
we ended one war but that we prevented future wars.
“We have unlocked the doors that for a quarter of a
century stood between the United States and the People's Republic of China.
“We must
now ensure that the one quarter of the world's people who live in the People's Republic of
China will be and remain not our enemies but our friends.
“ In the Middle East, 100 million
people in the Arab countries, many of whom have considered us their enemy for nearly 20 years, now
look on us as their friends. We must continue to build on that friendship so that peace can settle at
last over the Middle East and so that the cradle of civilization will not become its
grave.”
–President Richard M. Nixon, televised address
to the nation, August 8, 1974
|
|
|
26.
|
 Which statement best describes this excerpt
from Nixon’s resignation speech? a. | The United States has won the war in Vietnam and now we can best ensure peace
throughout the world by making treaties with China. | b. | We must work to end the war in Vietnam and open
diplomatic relations with China and the nations in conflict in the Middle East. | c. | The war in Vietnam
has ended and now we need to become good friends with China, and to work to help create peace in the
Middle East. | d. | We can best work for world peace if we limit our foreign involvements in the Middle
East and in Asia, as the war in Vietnam surely has shown us. |
|
|
|
“. . . I regret deeply any injuries that may have been
done in the course of the events that led to this decision. I would say only that if some of my
judgments were wrong, and some were wrong, they were made in what I believed at the time to be the
best interest of the Nation. . . .”
–August 8,
1974 | |
|
|
|
27.
|
 Who spoke these words and on which occasion? a. | Senator McCarthy, leaving the Senate for the last time | b. | President Nixon,
resigning the presidency | c. | President Johnson, discussing Watergate
break-in | d. | Governor Wallace, deciding not to run for a second
term |
|
|
|
“Our long national nightmare is over.”
–President Gerald Ford, August 1974 | |
|
|
|
28.
|
 What did Ford do that promoted national healing
following the Watergate scandal? a. | He appointed Nelson Rockefeller, a well-respected Republican as his vice
president. | b. | He granted Nixon a pardon for any crimes he may have committed as
president. | c. | Along with the Soviet Union and other nations, he signed the Helsinki Accords to
protect human rights. | d. | He offered amnesty to men who had illegally
avoided military service during the Vietnam War. |
|
|
|
“Being a judicial conservative, I believe some Court decisions have gone too far in
weakening the peace forces against the criminal forces in our society.”
–Richard Nixon | |
|
|
|
29.
|
 Which of the following statements best
summarizes Nixon’s position as stated in this quote? a. | The government should fund more police officers. | b. | Court decisions
should be tougher on criminals. | c. | Too many conservative decisions have been
handed down by the Court. | d. | Crime weakens
society. |
|
|
|
30.
|
 During his time in office, Nixon filled four
vacancies on the Supreme Court. He hoped the justices he appointed would shift the Court to a more
_____ position. a. | conservative | c. | neutral | b. | positive | d. | liberal |
|
|
|
“When we first arrived at Camp David,
the first thing upon which we agreed was to ask the people of the world to pray that our negotiations
would be successful. Those prayers have been answered far beyond any expectations. We are privileged
to witness tonight . . an achievement that reflects the courage and wisdom of these two
leaders.
“Through 13 long days at Camp
David, we have seen them display determination and vision and flexibility which was needed to make
this agreement come to pass.”
–President Jimmy
Carter, September 1978 | |
|
|
|
31.
|
 Who are the two leaders President Carter speaks of
in this passage? a. | Mikhail Gorbachev and Menachem Begin | b. | Zhou Enlai and Golda Meir | c. | Boris Yeltsin and
Saddam Hussein | d. | Menachem Begin and Anwar el-Sadat |
|
|
|
32.
|
 The agreement reached at this meeting was known as
a. | SALT II. | c. | the Camp David Accords. | b. | Egypt-Israel
Pact | d. | the Panama Canal
treaty. |
|
|
|
“ . . . We are privileged to witness tonight a significant achievement in the cause
of peace, an achievement none thought possible a year ago or even a month ago, . . .”
–President Jimmy Carter, September 1978 | |
|
|
|
33.
|
 What was the “significant achievement”
of the Camp David meeting? a. | signed peace treaties between Egypt, Israel and several other Middle Eastern
nations | b. | agreements to work together for economic development and trade expansion in the
Middle East | c. | agreements about peace treaties between Egypt and Israel and for peace in the Middle
East | d. | preliminary agreements to discuss the creation of a new Palestinian nation’s
boundaries |
|
|
|
| “Are you better off now than you were four years ago?” | |
|
|
|
34.
|
 This slogan was used very effectively during the
presidential election campaign of 1980 by Republican candidate a. | Jimmy Carter. | c. | Gerald Ford | b. | Ronald Reagan. | d. | George H.W.
Bush. |
|
|
|
35.
|
  Based on the time line, who
defeated Ford in the 1976 presidential election? a. | Clinton | c. | Nixon | b. | Reagan | d. | Carter |
|
|
|
| Events of the 1970s | Results and
Reactions | | OPEC oil embargo causes a
shortage of fuel. | Americans feel helpless and angry. | | President Ford vetoes programs in health, housing, and education to reduce government
spending. | Many people lose jobs, and the nation suffers the worst recession in 40 years. | | Ford pardons Nixon. | Americans feel
frustrated. | | To conserve energy, Americans
buy smaller, imported cars. | American workers suffer unemployment as several automobile plants
close. | | Americans learn CIA and FBI
have secret files on citizens. | Americans become angry at government’s abuse of
power. | | |
|
|
|
36.
|
 Based on the information in the chart, which of the
choices below best describes the general mood shared by Americans in the 1970s? a. | joyous | c. | disgruntled | b. | silly | d. | optimistic |
|
|
|
37.
|
 According to the chart, about which issue did
Americans feel frustrated? a. | CIA and FBI having secret files on citizens | b. | OPEC oil embargo
causing an oil shortage | c. | buying smaller imported cars to conserve
energy | d. | Ford pardoning Nixon |
|
|
|
Gasoline Consumption and Prices | Year | Consumption | Cost per Gallon | | | (Billions of gallons) | Reg. | Prem. | No
lead | 1973 | 110.5 | $ .40 | .45 | NA | 1974 | 106.3 | .53 | .57 | .55 | 1975 | 109.0 | .57 | .61 | .60 | 1976 | 115.7 | .59 | .64 | .61 | 1977 | 119.6 | .62 | .67 | .66 | 1978 | 125.1 | .63 | .69 | .67 | 1979 | 122.1 | .86 | .92 | .90 | 1980 | 115.0 | 1.19 | 1.28 | 1.25 | | | | | |
|
|
|
38.
|
 Based on the chart above, how much would eight
gallons of unleaded gas have cost in 1975? a. | $4.00 | c. | $4.80 | b. | $4.60 | d. | $4.88 |
|
|
|
39.
|
 In what year shown on the chart above was United
States consumption of gasoline at its highest?
|
|
|
|
|
|
40.
|
 Based on the two circle graphs, in 2001 almost half
of the federal income came from what single source? a. | defense & social security | c. | social security
tax | b. | corporate income tax | d. | individual income tax |
|
|
|
41.
|
 Based on the information, what percentage of the
federal expenditure goes toward paying interest on public debt? a. | 7 percent | c. | 11 percent | b. | 12 percent | d. | 10 percent |
|
|
|
42.
|
 Which of the following is not noted as a
short-term effect of the energy crisis on the chart above? Effects of the Energy
Crisis | | Short-Term
Effects | Long-Term Effects | | increase in price of gasoline | creation of U.S. Department of Energy | | long lines at gas stations | research into alternative
energy sources | | gasoline rationing | changes in
automobile design and technology | | shortages of
gasoline | laws requiring increase in energy efficiency of housing | | feelings of frustration | public awareness of
conservation | | |
a. | long lines at gas stations | c. | feelings of
frustration | b. | increase in carpooling | d. | increase in price of gasoline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
43.
|
 Based on the map, which of the following countries
is not on the Persian Gulf? a. | Israel | c. | Syria | b. | Lebanon | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
|
44.
|
 Based on the map, which of the following countries
has the most major oil fields? a. | Iran | c. | Oman | b. | Iraq | d. | Kuwait |
|
|
|
45.
|
 All of the major bodies of water on this map are
connected by oil pipelines except which one of the following? a. | Mediterranean Sea | c. | Caspian Sea | b. | Persian Gulf | d. | Red Sea |
|
|
|
46.
|
 According to the chart, how many barrels per day did
the United States import from Arab OPEC in 1977–1978? United States Net Imports of Petroleum, 1973-1983 | | | Average Annual Rate in Thousands of Barrels per
Day | Year | From Arab
OPEC* | From OPEC** | From All Countries | 1973 | 914 | 2,991 | 6,025 | 1974 | 752 | 3,277 | 5,892 | 1975 | 1,382 | 3,599 | 5,846 | 1976 | 2,423 | 5,063 | 7,090 | 1977 | 3,184 | 6,190 | 8,565 | 1978 | 2,962 | 5,747 | 8,002 | 1979 | 3,054 | 5,633 | 7,985 | 1980 | 2,549 | 4,293 | 6,365 | 1981 | 1,844 | 3,315 | 5,401 | 1982 | 852 | 2,136 | 4,298 | 1983 | 630 | 1,843 | 4,312 | *Arab OPEC members include Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates.
**OPEC members
include Arab OPEC countries and Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, and Venezuela. | | | | |
a. | 6,164,000 | c. | 6,146,000 | b. | 3,184,000 | d. | 61,640,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
47.
|
 Based on the map, about how long is the Alaska
Pipeline? a. | about 300 miles | c. | about 750 miles | b. | about 300 kilometers | d. | about 750
kilometers |
|
|
|
48.
|
 The capital of Alaska, Juneau, is on what body of
water? a. | Beaufort Sea | c. | Bering Sea | b. | Chukchi Sea | d. | Gulf of Alaska |
|
|
|
49.
|
  Based on the map of Arab-Israeli
tensions, which of the following regions is in Syria? a. | Gaza Strip | c. | West Bank | b. | Golan Heights | d. | Sinai Peninsula |
|
Completion
Complete each
statement.
|
|
|
50.
|
President Nixon sought peace by reaching out to the ____________________ and the
People's Republic of China.
|
|
|
51.
|
Henry Kissinger's first position in the Nixon administration was as
_________________________.
|
|
|
52.
|
During the Nixon administration, the United States recognized the anti-Communist
government of Taiwan under ____________________.
|
|
|
53.
|
Arab states lost a great amount of territory to Israel in 1967 during the
____________________ War.
|
|
|
54.
|
Arab oil-producing states imposed an oil ____________________ on the United
States in 1973 because of American support for Israel.
|
|
|
55.
|
President Nixon's economic policies helped shrink the size of the
____________________ government.
|
|
|
56.
|
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the
______________________________ were new federal agencies created during the Nixon
administration.
|
|
|
57.
|
The Watergate crisis began with the discovery of a burglary at the headquarters
of the ______________________________.
|
|
|
58.
|
The _________________________ refers to the resignations and firings that
occurred when President Nixon tried to fire the special prosecutor hired to investigate
Watergate.
|
|
|
59.
|
In 1975 the United States, the Soviet Union, and several other nations signed
the ____________________.
|
|
|
60.
|
Jimmy Carter's presidential election victory in 1976 was due in large part
to the support of Southern ____________________.
|
|
|
61.
|
In 1980 thousands of refugees from ____________________ fled to the United
States in boats.
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | OSHA | d. | Ronald Reagan | b. | Helsinki Accords | e. | SALT I | c. | Jimmy
Carter |
|
|
|
62.
|
restricted nuclear missiles in American and Soviet arsenals
|
|
|
63.
|
ensures workers' safety
|
|
|
64.
|
protected human rights and civil liberties
|
|
|
65.
|
human rights president
|
|
|
66.
|
won 1980 Republican nomination
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | stagflation | d. | inflation | b. | H.R. Haldeman | e. | OPEC | c. | Ronald
Reagan |
|
|
|
67.
|
Arab oil-producing countries
|
|
|
68.
|
rise in prices
|
|
|
69.
|
rising prices and sluggish economy
|
|
|
70.
|
Richard M. Nixon's chief of staff
|
|
|
71.
|
Carter's 1980 opponent
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | apartheid | d. | detente | b. | Henry Kissinger | e. | embargo | c. | Leonid
Brezhnev |
|
|
|
72.
|
national security adviser
|
|
|
73.
|
relaxing international tensions
|
|
|
74.
|
racial separation
|
|
|
75.
|
ban on shipment
|
|
|
76.
|
Soviet leader
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
|
|
|
77.
|
 | In how many years was there a higher rate of inflation than of unemployment? | | |
|
|
|
78.
|
 | For how many years did inflation increase? | | |
|
|
|
79.
|
 | In the year of the highest unemployment rate, was the inflation rate at its highest
also? | | |
|
|
|
80.
|
 | In how many years was there a higher rate of unemployment than of inflation? | | |
|
|
|
81.
|
 | Between what years did inflation decrease? | | |
|
|
|
82.
|
 | In the year of the lowest unemployment rate, was the inflation rate at its lowest
also? | | |
|
|
|
“[I pledge to] reverse the flow of power and resources from the states and
communities to Washington and start power and resources flowing back . . . to the
people.”
–President Richard M. Nixon | |
|
|
|
83.
|
 | In to reduce federal involvement in their lives and return power back to the people, as
mentioned in this excerpt, what program did Nixon introduce in the early 1970s? | | |
|
|
|
84.
|
 | Based on the time line of the Watergate scandal, was Richard
Nixon reelected president before of after the Watergate break-in? | | |
|
|
|
85.
|
 | Based on the circle graph, what percentage of energy in the
United States came from solar, nuclear, and natural gas in 1970? | | |
|
Essay
|
|
|
86.
|
| | What was Ping-pong diplomacy? What were its effects? | | |
|
|
|
87.
|
| | Do you think President Ford should have offered amnesty to men who had illegally avoided
military service during the Vietnam War? Why? | | |
|
|
|
88.
|
| | What influence did Richard M. Nixon's presidency have on the Supreme
Court? | | |
|
|
|
89.
|
| | Do you think President Carter was right in not allowing American athletes to compete in the
1980 summer Olympic Games? Justify your answer. | | |
|
|
|
90.
|
| | Why did President Nixon believe in a balance of power between the world's most powerful
nations? | | |
|
|
|
91.
|
| | Why did President Nixon resign on August 8, 1974? | | |
|