True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
|
|
|
1.
|
The term "flexible response" related to President Kennedy's
proposed actions when faced with a nuclear attack.
|
|
|
2.
|
The Bay of Pigs invasion was a CIA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro.
|
|
|
3.
|
Kennedy committed the nation to the goal of landing a man on the moon.
|
|
|
4.
|
The Vietcong were also known as the French-Vietnamese.
|
|
|
5.
|
After Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the number of United States
troops in Vietnam increased.
|
|
|
6.
|
Agent Orange was used to protect South Vietnamese soldiers on night
raids.
|
|
|
7.
|
The selective service system requires men 18 years and older to register for the
draft.
|
|
|
8.
|
Robert F. Kennedy and Eugene McCarthy both wanted to win the Democratic
presidential nomination in 1968.
|
|
|
9.
|
Richard M. Nixon won a majority of votes in the 1968 presidential
election.
|
|
|
10.
|
Vietnamization was President Nixon's plan to defeat North Vietnam.
|
|
|
11.
|
North Vietnamese forces finally won the war with the fall of Saigon.
|
|
|
12.
|
Vietnam Veterans returned to the United States to a hero’s welcome.
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
13.
|
President John F. Kennedy tried to convince the Soviets to agree to
a. | an arms race. | c. | increasing nuclear stockpiles. | b. | a flexible
response. | d. | a ban on nuclear
testing. |
|
|
|
14.
|
What was the first foreign crisis President John F. Kennedy faced?
a. | Vietnam | c. | Laos | b. | Cuba | d. | Cambodia |
|
|
|
15.
|
According to the Geneva Accords, whose Communist forces would occupy North
Vietnam?
a. | Ngo Dinh Diem | c. | Ho Chi Minh | b. | Le Duc Tho | d. | Nikita
Khrushchev |
|
|
|
16.
|
Who was the secretary of defense sent to Vietnam on a fact-finding
mission?
a. | Robert F. Kennedy | c. | Eugene McCarthy | b. | Robert McNamara | d. | Henry Kissinger |
|
|
|
17.
|
Students and other opponents of the Vietnam War came to be known as
a. | doves. | c. | hawks. | b. | draftees. | d. | antipeace
protesters. |
|
|
|
18.
|
Who wanted his party's nomination for president as a protest against the
war?
a. | George C. Wallace | c. | William Westmoreland | b. | Richard J. Daley | d. | Eugene McCarthy |
|
|
|
19.
|
Who ran as a third-party candidate in the 1968 presidential race?
a. | Robert F. Kennedy | c. | George C. Wallace | b. | Eugene McCarthy | d. | Hubert H.
Humphrey |
|
|
|
20.
|
Who was the "silent majority's" 1968 presidential
candidate?
a. | Eugene McCarthy | c. | Hubert H. Humphrey | b. | Robert F. Kennedy | d. | Richard M.
Nixon |
|
|
|
21.
|
What was a turning point of the Vietnam War?
a. | Saigon city bombing | c. | Tet offensive | b. | Christmas bombing | d. | Ho Chi Minh city
bombing |
|
|
|
22.
|
Who represented the United States at the Paris peace talks?
a. | Henry Kissinger | c. | Robert F. Kennedy | b. | Richard M. Nixon | d. | Martin Luther King,
Jr. |
|
|
|
23.
|
What did President Kennedy order in response to the missile buildup in
Cuba?
a. | war with the Soviets | c. | invasion of Cuba | b. | increased draft | d. | blockade |
|
|
|
24.
|
The first American to orbit Earth was
a. | John Glenn. | c. | Alan Shepard, Jr. | b. | Neil Armstrong. | d. | Yuri Gagarin. |
|
|
|
25.
|
The radical ideas of many young people in the 1960s created a
a. | hawk culture. | c. | counterculture. | b. | draft deferment program. | d. | dove culture. |
|
|
|
26.
|
What did some Vietnam War protesters do to show their opposition to the
draft?
a. | fled the country | c. | wore army uniforms | b. | burned draft cards | d. | cut their hair
short |
|
|
|
27.
|
Who was the first American to orbit the Earth?
a. | Neil Armstrong | c. | John Glenn | b. | Alan Shepard, Jr. | d. | Yuri Gagarin |
|
|
|
28.
|
Who was the American commander in Vietnam?
a. | William Westmoreland | c. | George C. Wallace | b. | Robert F. Kennedy | d. | Richard J.
Daley |
|
|
|
29.
|
Who was assassinated after winning the California primary?
a. | Eugene McCarthy | c. | Robert F. Kennedy | b. | Hubert H. Humphrey | d. | John F. Kennedy |
|
|
|
30.
|
Who was the Chicago mayor who had police control antiwar activists at the
Democratic 1968 convention?
a. | Richard J. Daley | c. | George C. Wallace | b. | Hubert H. Humphrey | d. | Lyndon B.
Johnson |
|
|
|
31.
|
Richard M. Nixon ordered the bombing of enemy supply routes in Laos and
a. | South Vietnam. | c. | Thailand. | b. | Cambodia. | d. | China. |
|
|
|
32.
|
When National Guard troops fired shots into the crowd, students were killed
at
a. | Ohio University. | c. | The Ohio State University. | b. | Jackson State
University. | d. | Kent State
University. |
|
|
|
“. . . Neither the United States of America nor the
world community of nations can tolerate deliberate deception and offensive threats on the part of any
nation, large or small. We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons
represents a sufficient challenge to a nation's security to constitute maximum peril. Nuclear
weapons are so destructive and ballistic missiles are so swift that any substantially increased
possibility of their use or any sudden change in their deployment may well be regarded as a definite
threat to peace. . . .”
–President John F.
Kennedy, address to the nation, October 22, 1962 | |
|
|
|
33.
|
 This passage refers to a major Cold War
confrontation about _____ in _____. a. | submarines, the China Sea | c. | spy planes, the
Atlantic | b. | missiles, Cuba | d. | atomic tests, Siberia |
|
|
|
“I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this
decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.”
–President John F. Kennedy, 1961 | |
|
|
|
34.
|
 In 1969 which United States space project fulfilled
Kennedy’s challenge to the nation? a. | the Mercury project | c. | the Apollo project | b. | the Vanguard project | d. | the Space Shuttle
project |
|
|
|
“ . . . We cannot launch our planetary probes from a
springboard of poverty, discrimination or unrest. But neither can we wait until each and every
terrestrial problem has been solved. Such logic two hundred years ago would have prevented expansion
westward past the Appalachian Mountains, for assuredly the Eastern Seaboard was beset by problems of
great urgency then, as it is today.
“Man has always gone
where he has been able to go. It's that simple. We will continue pushing back his frontier, no
matter how far it may carry him from his homeland.”
–Lieutenant Colonel Michael Collins, 1969 | |
|
|
|
35.
|
 Which statement best describes the main idea
of this passage? a. | Space exploration must wait until mankind has taken care of the problems humans have
on our planet. | b. | The westward settlement of North America was very different technologically from
space exploration. | c. | As in the past, mankind has important
difficulties to face on Earth but will continue to explore further in space. | d. | Problems of poverty
and unrest on our planet provide stimulation to search for other worlds where we can do
better. |
|
|
|
| “First, we didn’t know ourselves. We thought we were going into another Korean
war, but this was a different county. Secondly, we didn’t know our South Vietnamese allies. We
never understood them, and that was another surprise. And we knew even less about North
Vietnam.” | |
|
|
|
36.
|
 Which former U.S. ambassador to Vietnam made this
statement about the war there, upon reflection years after it had ended? a. | Robert McNamara | c. | Lyndon B. Johnson | b. | Maxwell Taylor | d. | Henry Kissinger |
|
|
|
| “The _____ added a new dimension to warfare—mobility. The _____ took soldiers
into battle, supplied them, and evacuated the wounded and the dead.” | |
|
|
|
37.
|
 Which word best fills in the blanks in this
passage? a. | tank | c. | B-52 | b. | helicopter | d. | jeep |
|
|
|
“I was asleep when the first shell exploded. The earth
shook and I rolled to the ground as someone hollered, ‘Incoming!’ . . . I shook like
jelly as the shrapnel burst all around our bunker. . . . All we could do was open up with our
50-caliber and small arms. . . . I’m not sure the native people are with us. They smile at us
in the daytime and their sons shoot at us at night. It’s hard to spot the real
enemy.”
–David Parks, 1967 | |
|
|
|
38.
|
 In this passage, soldiers wake up under enemy fire
during the war in a. | Germany. | c. | Korea. | b. | the Philippines. | d. | Vietnam. |
|
|
|
| “The Americans thought that the more bombs they dropped, the quicker we would fall to
our knees and surrender. But the bombs heightened, rather than dampened, our
spirit.” | |
|
|
|
39.
|
 This quotation is most likely from a statement by
a. | an American journalist. | c. | a South Vietnamese
official. | b. | a North Vietnamese leader. | d. | Robert McNamara. |
|
|
|
“When we marched into the rice paddies on that damp March afternoon, we carried,
along with our packs and rifles, the implicit convictions that the Vietcong could be quickly beaten.
We kept the packs and rifles; the convictions, we lost.”
–Philip Caputo, marine lieutenant | |
|
|
|
40.
|
 Which statement best summarizes this
passage? a. | The Vietcong would be beaten easily by superior American weapons and better-led
military forces. | b. | The fighting might be difficult, but Americans are far better soldiers than the
Vietcong are. | c. | Contrary to first impressions, the Vietcong would be very hard to beat, despite
America’s strength. | d. | The Vietcong looked tough at first, but would
be vulnerable to superior American technology. |
|
|
|
“The American people should be getting ready to accept . . . the prospect that the
whole Vietnam effort may be doomed.”
–The Wall Street
Journal, 1968 | |
|
|
|
41.
|
 After which event in Vietnam did major newspapers,
such as in this excerpt, openly criticize the Johnson administration? a. | The Pueblo crisis | c. | the march on the
Pentagon | b. | Khe Sanh | d. | the Tet offensive |
|
|
|
“The Viet Cong will probably withdraw
from the cities, as they were forced to withdraw from the American Embassy. Thousands of them will be
dead. But they will, nevertheless, have demonstrated that no part or person of South Vietnam is
secure from their attacks: neither district capitals nor American bases, neither the peasant in his
rice paddy nor our ambassadors nor the commanding general of our own great forces. . .
.
“ . . . We will find no guide to the
future in Vietnam unless we are bold enough to strip away the illusions and to confront the grim
anguish, the reality of that battlefield which was once a nation called South Vietnam. . . . It is
time for the truth.”
–Robert Kennedy, February 8,
1968 | |
|
|
|
42.
|
 This excerpt from a speech right after the _____
Offensive implies that the truth is that _____. a. | Hanoi; the U.S. is winning the Vietnam War | b. | Tet; the U.S. may
not win the Vietnam War | c. | Da Nang; the Vietnam War will end
soon | d. | Cambodian; the Viet Cong are about to surrender |
|
|
|
“. . . Tonight I renew the offer I made in August—to stop the bombardment of
North Vietnam. We ask that talks begin promptly, that they be serious talks on the substance of
peace. . . .
“There is division in the American house now.
There is divisiveness among us all tonight. . . .
“Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will
not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President. . . .”
–President Lyndon B. Johnson, televised national
address,
March 31, 1968 | |
|
|
|
43.
|
 What were some of the reasons for Johnson’s
decision not to run for re-election in 1968? a. | He feared running against Eugene McCarthy or Robert F. Kennedy for the Democratic
nomination. | b. | He was disturbed by the direction of events in Vietnam and the increasing antiwar
protests in the U.S. | c. | He felt the increasingly high cost of Vietnam
was interfering with his plans for domestic programs. | d. | He found it difficult to gather enough support
in Congress to push through his domestic social programs. |
|
|
|
“Chicago was a catastrophe.”
–Hubert H.
Humphrey, 1968 | |
|
|
|
44.
|
 What was the “catastrophe” at the 1968
Democratic National Convention in Chicago? a. | Humphrey lost the Democratic nomination in a very close vote. | b. | McCarthy got the
Democratic nomination by a landslide victory. | c. | Antiwar protests and anger flared into
televised violence in the streets. | d. | Three days of televised and peaceful antiwar
protest disturbed the nation. |
|
|
|
“America cannot—and will not—conceive all the plans, design all the
programs, execute all the decisions, and undertake all the defense of the free nations of the
world.”
–Richard
Nixon | |
|
|
|
45.
|
 In this quote, President Nixon spelled out a change
in the nation’s a. | foreign policy. | c. | domestic policy. | b. | financial responsibility. | d. | security codes. |
|
|
|
“That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap
for mankind.”
–July 20,
1969 | |
|
|
|
46.
|
 This quote was uttered by Neil Armstrong as he
a. | became the first human to orbit Earth. | b. | became the first American to make a
spaceflight. | c. | became the first human to step on the moon. | d. | joined the Soviet
astronauts in researching the moon. |
|
|
|
“North Vietnam cannot defeat or humiliate the United States. Only Americans can do
that.”
–President Richard M. Nixon, November
1969 | |
|
|
|
47.
|
 In his Vietnamization speech, excerpted here, Nixon
appealed to the _____ of Americans to support his policy of greater involvement of the army of South
Vietnam in fighting the war. a. | “great masses” | c. | “intelligent
minds” | b. | “silent majority” | d. | “active
minority” |
|
|
|
“ . . . After full consultation with the National
Security Council, Ambassador Bunker, General Abrams, and my other advisers, I have concluded that the
actions of the enemy in the last 10 days clearly endanger the lives of Americans who are in Vietnam
now and would constitute an unacceptable risk to those who will be there after withdrawal of another
150,000.
“To protect our men who are
in Vietnam and to guarantee the continued success of our withdrawal and Vietnamization programs, I
have concluded that the time has come for action. . . .
“North Vietnam in the last two weeks
has stripped away all pretense of respecting the sovereignty or the neutrality of Cambodia. Thousands
of their soldiers are invading the country from the sanctuaries . . .”
–President Richard M. Nixon, April 30, 1970 | |
|
|
|
48.
|
 When President Nixon announced the invasion of
Cambodia on nationwide television, antiwar activists responded with a. | nationwide protest demonstrations. | c. | massive army
enlistments. | b. | enthusiastic support rallies. | d. | expressions of vague
discontent. |
|
|
|
“ . . .The actions of some students were violent and
criminal and those of some others were dangerous, reckless, and irresponsible. The indiscriminate
firing of rifles into a crowd of students and the deaths that followed were unnecessary, unwarranted,
and inexcusable. . . .
“The Guard
fired amidst great turmoil and confusion, engendered in part by their own activities. But the
guardsmen should not have been able to kill so easily in the first place. . . .
“. . .
Apparently, no order to fire was given, and there was inadequate fire control discipline on Blanket
Hill. The _____ tragedy must mark the last time that, as a matter of course, loaded rifles are issued
to guardsmen confronting student demonstrators.”
–The Report of the President's Commission on Campus
Unrest, 1970 | |
|
|
|
49.
|
 Which words correctly fills in the blank to describe
where the events occurred that are referred to in this passage? a. | Columbia University | c. | Kent State | b. | Berkeley | d. | Jackson State |
|
|
|
50.
|
  Based on the time line, the Cuban
missile crisis occurred during the administration of which of the following presidents? a. | Eisenhower | c. | Johnson | b. | Kennedy | d. | Nixon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
51.
|
 Based on the map of the Cuban missile crisis, which
of the following cities was within range of medium ballistic missiles that could be fired from
Cuba? a. | New York City | c. | Los Angeles | b. | Chicago | d. | Washington D.C. |
|
|
|
52.
|
 What major American city shown on the map was within
range of intermediate ballistic missiles, medium ballistic missiles, and MIG jet bombers? a. | Miami | c. | New York City | b. | New Orleans | d. | Washington D.C. |
|
|
|
53.
|
 Based on the map and scale, roughly how far is
Miami, Florida from Cuba? a. | 50 kilometers | c. | 500 kilometers | b. | 50 miles | d. | 500 miles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
54.
|
 Based on the information in the map, what was the
only other bombing in history that was more concentrated than the “Christmas” bombing of
North Vietnam? a. | Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor | b. | Allied firebombing of
Dresden | c. | U.S. dropping atomic bombs on Japan | d. | none of the
above |
|
|
|
55.
|
 Based on the map, which army used the Ho Chi Minh
Trail? a. | Cambodian | c. | South Vietnamese | b. | North Vietnamese | d. | United States |
|
|
|
56.
|
 Based on the map, which of the following countries
does not border Cambodia? a. | South Vietnam | c. | North Vietnam | b. | Laos | d. | Thailand |
|
|
|
57.
|
  In which of the following periods
were the most United States troops stationed in Vietnam? a. | 1965–1967 | c. | 1967–1969 | b. | 1966–1967 | d. | 1970–1973 |
|
|
|
58.
|
  What information is shown on the
vertical axis of the line graph above? a. | percentage of U.S. public opinion in support of the war | b. | percentage of U.S.
public opinion against the war | c. | percentage of U.S. troops in support of the
war | d. | percentage of U.S. troops against the war |
|
|
|
|
|
|
59.
|
 Based on the maps, which of the following statements
is incorrect? a. | Nixon did well in California in both elections. | b. | Democrats won in New
York and Pennsylvania in both elections. | c. | Different parties won the vote in Maine in the
two elections | d. | Independent candidates won the vote in the Pacific Northwest in both
elections. |
|
|
|
60.
|
 Which independent candidate received more electoral
votes? a. | Wallace | c. | Nixon | b. | Humphrey | d. | Byrd |
|
|
|
| Date | Mission | | 1957 | Soviet Union (USSR) launches the first satellite,
Sputnik | | 1958 | U.S. government forms
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to carry out a program of space
exploration | | 1959 (Sept.) | USSR
launches Luna 2, the first probe to hit the moon | | 1961 (April) | USSR cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first person to orbit
Earth | | 1961 (May) | Alan Shepard becomes
the first U.S. astronaut in space | | 1962 | John Glenn
becomes the first U.S. astronaut to orbit Earth | | 1963 | USSR cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space | | 1969 | U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first
human on the moon | | 1981 | U.S. launches
Columbia, the first reusable space shuttle rocket | | 1985 | European Space Agency launches Giotto probe, which flies by and photographs
Halley’s Comet in 1986 | | 1986 | First
module of the Soviet space station Mir, site of several joint American-Soviet space missions,
is put into orbit | | 1997 (July) | Mars Pathfinder
begins three months of image transmission from Mars surface; carries Sojourner rover that analyzes
Martian rocks and soil | | 1998 | Launch of
the first module of the International Space Station, a joint project of 15 nations including the
United States and Russia | | |
|
|
|
61.
|
 Based on the table, in which year did a human first
land on the moon?
|
|
|
62.
|
  Based on the map, how many
electoral votes did American Independent George Wallace receive from Florida, Georgia, and South
Carolina? a. | 12 | c. | 45 | b. | 34 | d. | none of the
above |
|
|
|
63.
|
  Based on the graph, about how many
U.S. Air Force personnel were taken prisoner or missing in action over the course of the Vietnam
War? a. | about 1,500 | c. | about 15,000 | b. | about 1,700 | d. | about 17,000 |
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Green Berets | d. | Agent Orange | b. | executive order | e. | domino theory | c. | Berlin
Wall |
|
|
|
64.
|
fighters of guerrilla wars
|
|
|
65.
|
presidential-issued rule
|
|
|
66.
|
symbolized Communist repression
|
|
|
67.
|
the United States' Vietnam policy
|
|
|
68.
|
chemical herbicide used in Vietnam
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | regime | d. | guerrilla warfare | b. | Ho Chi Minh | e. | Peace Corps | c. | William
Westmoreland |
|
|
|
69.
|
sudden ambushes
|
|
|
70.
|
American volunteers
|
|
|
71.
|
Communist leader
|
|
|
72.
|
governing authority
|
|
|
73.
|
American commander
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | linkage | d. | “peace with honor” | b. | “killers” | e. | “traitors” | c. | Tet |
|
|
|
74.
|
Vietnamese New Year
|
|
|
75.
|
war protesters
|
|
|
76.
|
Johnson supporters
|
|
|
77.
|
Nixon strategy
|
|
|
78.
|
Kissinger policy
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
|
|
|
79.
|
 | In what part of the country were most of George C. Wallace's supporters? | | |
|
|
|
80.
|
 | The majority of Hawaiians voted for which candidate? | | |
|
|
|
81.
|
 | Who won the majority of votes in the New England states? | | |
|
|
|
82.
|
 | In what part of the country were most of Hubert H. Humphrey's supporters? | | |
|
|
|
83.
|
 | The majority of Alaskans voted for which candidate? | | |
|
|
|
84.
|
 | Who won the 1968 presidential election? Explain how the map proves this result. | | |
|
|
|
| “[The President may] take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack
against the forces of the United States.” | |
|
|
|
85.
|
 | In August 1964 North Vietnamese patrol boats allegedly attacked American destroyers near
North Vietnam. Congress rapidly approved which resolution, excerpted here, that gave President
Johnson authority to use U.S. forces in Vietnam? | | |
|
|
|
86.
|
 | Study the map. In what year did the U.S. and South
Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia? | | |
|
|
|
87.
|
 | Based on the graph, in what year did the number of U.S.
troops stationed in Vietnam reach nearly 400,000? | | |
|
|
|
| Date | Mission | | 1957 | Soviet Union (USSR) launches the first satellite,
Sputnik | | 1958 | U.S. government forms
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to carry out a program of space
exploration | | 1959 (Sept.) | USSR
launches Luna 2, the first probe to hit the moon | | 1961 (April) | USSR cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first person to orbit
Earth | | 1961 (May) | Alan Shepard becomes
the first U.S. astronaut in space | | 1962 | John Glenn
becomes the first U.S. astronaut to orbit Earth | | 1963 | USSR cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space | | 1969 | U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first
human on the moon | | 1981 | U.S. launches
Columbia, the first reusable space shuttle rocket | | 1985 | European Space Agency launches Giotto probe, which flies by and photographs
Halley’s Comet in 1986 | | 1986 | First
module of the Soviet space station Mir, site of several joint American-Soviet space missions,
is put into orbit | | 1997 (July) | Mars Pathfinder
begins three months of image transmission from Mars surface; carries Sojourner rover that analyzes
Martian rocks and soil | | 1998 | Launch of
the first module of the International Space Station, a joint project of 15 nations including the
United States and Russia | | |
|
|
|
88.
|
 | Based on the information in the table, what nation was the first woman in space
from? | | |
|
Essay
|
|
|
89.
|
Why did Americans find fighting a ground war in Vietnam so difficult?
|
|
|
90.
|
What happened in Chicago at the Democratic convention of 1968?
|
|
|
91.
|
What was the Berlin Wall, and what did it come to symbolize?
|
|
|
92.
|
What was Richard M. Nixon's three-part peace with honor strategy?
|
|
|
93.
|
Describe the events that gave President Johnson congressional support to expand
the American role in Vietnam.
|
|
|
94.
|
Did President Nixon's Vietnam policies reflect the ideas of the silent
majority?
|