Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The NAACP worked to end
a. | segregation. | c. | integration. | b. | civil rights. | d. | boycotting. |
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2.
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Thurgood Marshall argued that segregated schools violated the
a. | Fourteenth Amendment. | c. | Nineteenth Amendment. | b. | Twentieth
Amendment. | d. | Fifteenth
Amendment. |
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3.
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The refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust is called
a. | integration. | c. | segregation. | b. | boycotting. | d. | civil
disobedience. |
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4.
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Who said, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can
do for your country"?
a. | Martin Luther King, Jr. | c. | John F. Kennedy | b. | Malcolm
X | d. | Richard M.
Nixon |
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5.
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What group investigated John F. Kennedy's assassination?
a. | Kennedy Commission | c. | Oswald's Committee | b. | Warren
Commission | d. | Assassination
Committee |
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6.
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What program helped fund public housing projects?
a. | VISTA | c. | Model Cities | b. | Upward Bound | d. | HUD |
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7.
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Which leader was assassinated on April 4, 1968?
a. | Martin Luther King, Jr. | c. | Robert Kennedy | b. | Malcolm
X | d. | John F.
Kennedy |
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8.
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Which organization fought for equal rights for women in all aspects of
life?
a. | VISTA | c. | NOW | b. | NAACP | d. | CORE |
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9.
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The first woman was appointed to the Supreme Court in
a. | 1894. | c. | 1956. | b. | 1981. | d. | 1911. |
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10.
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Which group of Hispanics did César Chávez organize into the
UFW?
a. | truck drivers | c. | farm owners | b. | schoolteachers | d. | farmworkers |
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11.
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What lawyer decided to challenge the idea of "separate but
equal"?
a. | Malcolm X | c. | Martin Luther King, Jr. | b. | Stokely
Carmichael | d. | Thurgood
Marshall |
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12.
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The arrest of Rosa Parks led to
a. | sit-ins at lunch counters. | c. | riots in Watts. | b. | a boycott of city
buses. | d. | integration of
schools. |
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13.
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Who was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who
emphasized nonviolent protests?
a. | Malcolm X | c. | Martin Luther King, Jr. | b. | Thurgood
Marshall | d. | Rosa
Parks |
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14.
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President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an unconditional war on
a. | Communists. | c. | segregation. | b. | integration. | d. | poverty. |
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15.
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What program helps pay for medical care for senior citizens?
a. | Medicare | c. | Upward Bound | b. | VISTA | d. | Medicaid |
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16.
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Who was the governor who tried to block the entrance of James Meredith into the
University of Mississippi?
a. | Orval Faubus | c. | Robert Kennedy | b. | Ross Barnett | d. | George Wallace |
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17.
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Who was a leader of the Black Muslims?
a. | Martin Luther King, Jr. | c. | Malcolm X | b. | Stokely
Carmichael | d. | Ella
Baker |
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18.
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The first of a series of racial riots that hit cities in 1965 was in
a. | Baltimore, Maryland. | c. | Harlem in New York City. | b. | New Orleans,
Louisiana. | d. | Watts in Los
Angeles. |
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19.
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The Equal Rights Amendment
a. | passed in 1971. | c. | was never ratified. | b. | was supported by all
states. | d. | became part of the
Constitution. |
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20.
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What Native American organization protested civil rights violations?
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“. . . Segregation of white and
colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is
greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually
interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the
motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore has a tendency to
[retard] the educational and mental development of Negro children and to deprive them of
some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school
system.
“. . . We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of
"separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently
unequal.
–Brown v. Topeka Board of
Education, May 17, 1954 | |
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21.
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 The Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
decision ruled that the “separate but equal” doctrine violated the equal protection
of the laws guaranteed by _____. a. | Plessy v. Ferguson | c. | the Fourteenth
Amendment | b. | the Declaration of Independence | d. | the First
Amendment |
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22.
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 According to this ruling, what affects the
motivation of a child to learn? a. | a sense of inferiority | c. | public education | b. | an integrated school system | d. | the sanction of
law |
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“He raised his bayonet, and then the other guards moved in and raised their
bayonets.”
–Elizabeth Eckford, recalling
1957 | |
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23.
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 Why were soldiers stationed at Central High School
in Little Rock, Arkansas, when Elizabeth Eckford arrived there in 1957? a. | The Arkansas National Guard was called out to protect African American students
entering the school. | b. | President Eisenhower had sent in federal
marshals to prevent destruction of property during possible riots. | c. | The Arkansas
National Guard was called out to prevent African American students from entering the
school. | d. | After staging war games in the Little Rock area, the army was presenting recruiting
information to students. |
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“. . .The proper use of the powers of
the executive branch to enforce the orders of a federal court is limited to extraordinary and
compelling circumstances. Manifestly, such an extreme situation has been created in Little Rock. This
challenge must be met and with such measures as will preserve to the people as a whole their lawfully
protected rights in a climate permitting their free and fair exercise.
“The
overwhelming majority of our people in every section of the country are united in their respect for
observance of the law—even in those cases where they may disagree with that law. . .
.” | |
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24.
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 In this excerpt from a 1957 speech by President
Dwight D. Eisenhower to the nation, the “measures” the president mentions that he took
were _____. a. | to close the school and send the students home | b. | to send hundreds of
federal soldiers to patrol the school grounds and protect the African American
students | c. | to remove martial law in Little Rock and institute a curfew | d. | to overrule the
Arkansas state legislature and jail hundreds of protesters without
bail |
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“We’re here because, first and foremost, we are American citizens, and we are
determined to apply our citizenship to the fullness of its meaning.
“...And you know,
...there comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of
oppression.”
–Martin Luther King, Jr. | |
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25.
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 In this excerpt from an early speech in 1955, King
made a strong impression on listeners at a meeting to organize a ______ of buses in Montgomery,
Alabama. a. | strike | c. | slow-down | b. | sabotaging | d. | boycott |
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“In the long history of the world,
only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.
I do not shrink from this responsibility—I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would
exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion
which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it—and the glow from
that fire can truly light the world.
“. . . With a good conscience our only sure reward,
with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His
blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.”
–January 1961 | |
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26.
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 This excerpt is from a memorable speech by
_____, who won the presidency in 1960. a. | John F. Kennedy | c. | Harry Truman | b. | Dwight D. Eisenhower | d. | Richard M.
Nixon |
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“We know through painful experience
that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. . . .
For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings in the ear of every Negro with
piercing familiarity. This ‘Wait’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’ We must
come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists that ‘justice too long delayed is justice
denied.’”
–Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
1963 | |
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27.
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 Which statement best describes what King
means in this excerpt? a. | Civil rights will gradually be achieved. | b. | Struggling for
desegregation is excessive. | c. | Some day everyone will have
freedom. | d. | Racial equality must be demanded now. |
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| “In a land of great wealth, families must not live in hopeless poverty. In a land
rich in harvest, children must not go hungry. . . . In a great land of learning and scholars, young
people must be taught to read and write.” | |
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28.
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 In this excerpt President Lyndon B. Johnson explains
part of the vision for his _____ programs. a. | New Frontier | c. | Medicare | b. | Upward Bound | d. | Great Society |
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“We are going to pass a civil rights bill if it takes all summer.”
–President Lyndon B. Johnson | |
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29.
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 This statement by Johnson was addressed to Congress
in _____.
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“We believe since we buy books and papers in the other part of the store, we should
get served in this part.”
–February 1,
1960 | |
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30.
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 This remark, made to a waitress in a store in
Greensboro, North Carolina, by an African American student sitting at a “whites-only”
lunch counter, began a _____ protest against segregation. a. | boycott | c. | school | b. | sit-in | d. | bus |
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“We have been cooling off for 350 years. If we cool off any more, we will be in a
deep freeze.”
–James Farmer, leader of the Congress of
Racial Equality (CORE) | |
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31.
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 This quotation was the response when, after violence
erupted in Alabama, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy asked that _____ be stopped for a
“cooling-off period.” a. | lunch counter sit-ins | c. | protest marches | b. | Freedom Rides | d. | bus boycotts |
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“ . . .But freedom is not enough. You do not wipe away
the scars of centuries by saying: Now you are free to go where you want, do as you desire, and choose
the leaders you please.
“You do not
take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the
starting line of a race and then say, ‘You are free to compete with all the others,’ and
still justly believe that you have been completely fair.
“Thus it is not enough just to open
the gates of opportunity. All of our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates. . .
.”
–President Lyndon B. Johnson, speech at Howard
University, June 4, 1965 | |
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32.
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 In this excerpt from his speech, Johnson is saying
that the nation needs to _____. a. | rejoice that freedom is available to Americans of all colors and
beliefs | b. | work to make available equal opportunities for African Americans | c. | remember that
freedom must be earned by sacrifice and hard work | d. | continue to fight for higher wages for factory
workers |
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| “[E]quality under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account of sex.” | |
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33.
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 This excerpt is from the _____, which the National
Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for during the early 1970s. a. | Fifteenth Amendment | c. | Equal Rights Amendment | b. | Nineteenth
Amendment | d. | Twenty-eighth
Amendment |
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34.
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 What was the final outcome of this amendment? a. | It was never added to the ballot to be voted on. | b. | The amendment was
added to the Constitution. | c. | It gave women equal pay for the same
work. | d. | Not enough states ratified the amendment to make it a
law. |
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“We have been farm workers for hundreds of years . . . We did not choose the grape
boycott, but we had chosen to leave our peonage, poverty, and despair behind. Though our first
bid for freedom, the strike, was weakened, we would not turn back. The boycott was the only way
forward the growers left to us. We called upon our fellow men and were answered by consumers who
said—as all men of conscience must—that they would no longer allow their tables to be
subsidized by our sweat and our sorrow: they shunned the grapes, fruit of our
affliction.”
–Grape workers’ proclamation, El
Malcriado, April 15, 1969 | |
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35.
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 This call for a nationwide grape boycott by the
Delano Grape Workers aimed to influence _____ to increase farm workers’ wages and improve their
working conditions. a. | the President | c. | supermarkets | b. | grape growers | d. | restaurant
owners |
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“ . . . I would have been here tonight to speak to you
directly, but I felt that perhaps I could be of better use if I went to Wounded Knee to help
forestall in whatever way I can the establishment of a peace which would be dishonorable as long as
the rivers shall run and the grass shall grow.
“I would hope that those who are listening would not
look upon this as a rude intrusion, but as an earnest effort to focus attention on an issue that
might very well determine whether or not this country has the right to say from this point forward we
believe in the inalienable rights of all people to remain free and independent on lands that have
supported their life beyond living memory. . . .”
–The New York Times, March 30, 1973 | |
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36.
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 This excerpt from a statement read on behalf of
actor Marlon Brando at the Academy Awards ceremony, calls attention to _____. a. | racial discrimination against African Americans | b. | the war in
Vietnam | c. | the violation of Native Americans’ civil rights | d. | environmental
pollution |
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37.
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 Based on the time line, who was president of the
United States when the Montgomery bus boycott began? a. | Dwight Eisenhower | c. | Lyndon Johnson | b. | John Kennedy | d. | Fidel Castro |
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38.
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 Based on the information on the map, complete the
following statement with one of the choices below. Segregation was prohibited ______. a. | in all the Northeastern states | b. | south of the Mason-Dixon
line | c. | in every state that bordered the Pacific Ocean | d. | in every state that
bordered one of the Great Lakes |
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39.
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 School segregation was dealt with in the fewest
states in which of the following ways? a. | segregated by law | c. | segregation prohibited | b. | local districts
decided | d. | no specific
legislation |
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40.
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 Based on the information in the causes-and-effects
chart, which of the following towns was a site of conflict in 1957? a. | Montgomery, Alabama | c. | Little Rock, Arkansas | b. | Washington,
D.C. | d. | Newark, New
Jersey |
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41.
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 Study the map. The air route of the Freedom Riders
connected which two cities? a. | Washington D.C. & Birmingham | c. | New Orleans &
Birmingham | b. | Washington D.C. & New Orleans | d. | Nashville &
Jackson |
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42.
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 The second group of Freedom Riders began their
journey in what city? a. | Jackson, MS | c. | Columbia, SC | b. | Nashville, TN | d. | Richmond, VA |
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43.
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 The number of African Americans registered to vote
declined in which state between 1960 and 1966? a. | Mississippi | c. | Florida | b. | Alabama | d. | none of the
above |
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44.
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 In which state was African American voter
registration closest to 50 percent in 1966? a. | North Carolina | c. | Alabama | b. | South Carolina | d. | Georgia |
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45.
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 Based on the time line, in which of the following
years was segregation outlawed in public schools?
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46.
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 Use the time line to answer the question. Which of
the following cases allowed segregation if it was “equal but separate”? a. | Dred Scott v. Sanford | c. | Morgan v.
Virginia | b. | Plessy v. Ferguson | d. | Sweatt v.
Painter |
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47.
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 Based on the chart, what group of women was paid the
least in 2005? a. | all women | c. | Latina women | b. | Native American women | d. | African American
women |
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The Sequence of
Presidential
Succession | | 1. Vice
President | | 2. Speaker of the
House | | 3. President Pro
Tempore of the Senate | | 4.
Secretary of State | | 5. Secretary of
the Treasury | | 6. Secretary of
Defense | | 7. Attorney
General | | 8. Secretary of
the Interior | | 9. Secretary of
Agriculture | | 10. Secretary of
Commerce | | 11. Secretary of
Labor | | 12. Secretary of Health and
Human Services | | 13. Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development | | 14. Secretary of
Transportation | | 15. Secretary of
Energy | | 16. Secretary of
Education | |
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48.
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 Based on the chart, which of the following offices
does not follow the Secretary of Agriculture in the sequence of presidential
succession? a. | Attorney General | c. | Secretary of Labor | b. | Secretary of Energy | d. | Secretary of
Commerce |
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49.
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 Who directly precedes the Attorney General in the
sequence of presidential succession? a. | Secretary of State | c. | Secretary of the Interior | b. | Vice
President | d. | Secretary of
Defense |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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50.
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____________________ was the chief lawyer for the NAACP in 1952.
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51.
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The first state government since the Civil War to challenge federal authority
was that of ____________________.
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52.
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Both Martin Luther King, Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi believed in
____________________ protest.
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53.
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John F. Kennedy was elected to the United States Senate in ____________________
and again in 1958.
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54.
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The two candidates for president in the 1960 election were
_______________.
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55.
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The Johnson Administration passed a ____________________ law that helped poor
people pay their hospital bills.
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56.
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Sit-ins in 80 cities launched a new civil rights group, the ____________,
encouraged by activist Ella Baker.
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57.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a result of a protest in
____________________.
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58.
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Black Muslim leader, __________________, criticized the civil rights goal of
integration.
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59.
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In 1981 Sandra Day O’Connor was appointed as the first female
____________.
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60.
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Most Cuban Americans who came to the United States settled in
____________________.
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61.
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In 1969 several Native American groups banded together and took over
____________________.
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | New Frontier | d. | head start | b. | CORE | e. | James Meredith | c. | Rosa
Parks |
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62.
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inspired city bus boycott
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63.
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John F. Kennedy's domestic policies
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64.
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preschool for poor children
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65.
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sponsored Freedom Riders
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66.
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attended University of Mississippi
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Medicare | d. | integration | b. | segregation | e. | Great Society | c. | sit-in |
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67.
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racial separation of people
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68.
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bringing races together
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69.
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Lyndon B. Johnson's social program
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70.
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helped pay for medical care for senior citizens
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71.
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protesting students at a lunch counter
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | NOW | d. | Americans with disabilities | b. | UFW | e. | AIM | c. |
LULAC |
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72.
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fought for better conditions for migrant workers
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73.
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fought for rights of Latinos
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74.
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fought for equal rights for women
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75.
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occupied Wounded Knee, SD
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76.
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gained better access to public facilities
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Short Answer
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77.
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 Within this diagram, how many things did
Gandhi and King have in common?
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78.
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 Who influenced King's thinking?
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79.
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 What do you think Gandhi meant by his famous
quote?
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80.
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 What philosophy did Gandhi and King
share?
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81.
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 Who influenced Gandhi's thinking?
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82.
|
 What do you think King meant by his famous
quote?
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“. . . In a sense, the
Negro [African American] is classically the "other" American, degraded and
frustrated at every turn and not just because of laws. . . .
“The Negro is poor because he
is black; that is obvious enough. But, perhaps more importantly, the Negro is black because he is
poor. The laws against color can be removed, but that will leave the poverty that is the historic and
institutionalized consequence of color. As long as this is the case, being born a Negro will continue
to be the most profound disability that the United States imposes upon a citizen. . .
.
“Negroes in the United States are concentrated in the worst, dirtiest, lowest-paying jobs.
A third continue to live in the rural South, most of them merely subsisting within a culture of
poverty and a society of open terror. A third live in Southern cities and a third in Northern cities,
and these have bettered their lot compared to the sharecroppers. But they are still the last hired
and the first fired, and they are particularly vulnerable to
recessions.”
–Michael Harrington, The Other
America, 1962
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83.
|
 Why does Harrington say in this passage that
African Americans are “classically” the “other,” or neglected,
Americans?
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“The heart of the question is whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights
and equal opportunities, whether we are going to treat our fellow Americans as we want to be treated.
If an American, because his skin is dark, cannot . . . enjoy the full and free life which all of us
want, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin changed and stand in his
place?”
–President John F. Kennedy | |
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84.
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 This excerpt is from a televised address
President Kennedy made to the nation soon after what violent event had taken place on June 11, 1963
in Jackson, Mississippi?
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85.
|
 Based on the information on the map, the
Freedom Riders were active in what month of what year?
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86.
|
 Based on the information above, by how much
did African American voter registration increase in Virginia between 1960 and 1966?
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87.
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What does the doctrine “separate but equal mean”?
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88.
|
Why did Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas, send armed members of the
state’s National Guard to Central High School in Little Rock in 1957?
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89.
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How did President Eisenhower respond to Governor Faubus’s actions?
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90.
|
What did the organizers of the Montgomery bus boycott hope to accomplish?
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91.
|
What is civil disobedience?
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92.
|
In campaigning for the presidency, what did John F. Kennedy promise he would do
if elected?
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93.
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What did the Republican candidate, Vice President Richard M. Nixon, promise to
do?
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94.
|
Why did some people oppose Kennedy because of his Roman Catholic
religion?
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95.
|
What were the findings of the Warren Commission?
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96.
|
What did President Johnson use to get his “Great Society” programs
through Congress so quickly?
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97.
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Who usually participated in sit-ins?
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98.
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaw?
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99.
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How did the focus of the civil rights movement change after passage of the
Voting Rights Act?
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100.
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Who was murdered in Memphis, TN in the evening of April 4, 1968, and what
happened as a result?
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101.
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Although rejected by the NAACP as too radical, Black Power became popular
where?
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102.
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How did a consumer boycott of grapes, lettuce, and other farm produce affect
migrant workers?
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103.
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What was the purpose of the Equal Pay Act?
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104.
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Why did AIM seize the town of Wounded Knee?
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105.
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Why did many people oppose the Equal Rights Amendment?
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106.
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Who are Latinos?
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Essay
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107.
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What factors helped make John F. Kennedy a strong presidential candidate?
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108.
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What four areas did President Johnson address in his set of programs known as
the Great Society?
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109.
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What happened during the integration of Central High School in Little Rock,
Arkansas, in 1957, and how has this affected education today?
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110.
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Why did the leaders of the American Indian Movement choose Wounded Knee, South
Dakota, as the site of a protest, and what was the outcome of the protest?
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111.
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What was the lasting significance of the Supreme Court decision in Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?
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112.
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Describe the August 28, 1963 march on Washington, D.C., organized by Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. and the SCLC.
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