11 Study Guide

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11 Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

In the 1930s the United States went into a severe economic state called the

a.	Great Inflation.	c.	Great Depression.
b.	Great Downturn.	d.	Great Recession.

In 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized spending on highways, parks, and libraries, or

a.	recreation.	c.	public works projects.
b.	relief projects.	d.	financial projects.

Charities and churches worked to provide aid or _________________ for the needy.

a.	relief	c.	recession
b.	City Support	d.	financial aid

What New Deal program built dams to provide cheap electricity in some Southern states?

a.	Agricultural Adjustment Act	c.	Civilian Conservation Corps
b.	Public Works Administration	d.	Tennessee Valley Authority

Who was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "eyes and ears"?

a.	Hattie Caraway	c.	Ralph Bunche
b.	Eleanor Roosevelt	d.	John Collier

Who was the Black Cabinet member who who went on to play an important role in the civil rights movement?

a.	John Collier	c.	Ralph Bunche
b.	Marian Anderson	d.	Margaret Bourke-White

Daytime radio shows sponsored by laundry detergents earned the nickname

a.	laundry shows.	c.	bubbles.
b.	soap operas.	d.	dirty 'n' clean.

Who was the photographer who took photographs of migrant workers?

a.	Dorothea Lange	c.	Walker Evens
b.	Grant Wood	d.	Thomas Hart Benton

What act provided monthly pensions for retired people?

a.	WPA	c.	Townsend Act
b.	Revenue Act	d.	Social Security Act

10.

What disaster was reversed by government spending on public works?

a.	Tennessee Valley flood	c.	Roosevelt Recession
b.	Wagner Act	d.	Spanish Civil War

11.

In 1932 what percent of American workers were unemployed?

a.	25	c.	10
b.	50	d.	34

12.

President Herbert Hoover believed the Great Depression was only temporary and that prosperity was

a.	"a matter of time."	c.	"coming next year."
b.	"due the American people."	d.	"just around the corner."

13.

To help him guide the nation to recovery, Franklin Roosevelt counted on

a.	the Ohio Gang.	c.	the Black Cabinet.
b.	the Brain Trust.	d.	Congress.

14.

What project helped farmers?

a.	PWA	c.	TVA
b.	CCC	d.	AAA

15.

Which New Deal program was designed to help business regulate itself?

a.	NIRA	c.	TVA
b.	PWA	d.	NRA

16.

Who was the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal?

a.	Ralph Bunche	c.	John Collier
b.	Mary McLeod Bethune	d.	Frances Perkins

17.

Socialists and Communists viewed the Depression as the

a.	death of a failed system.	c.	beginning of the end.
b.	chance for reform.	d.	just dues for capitalists.

18.

Who was the painter who showed ordinary people confronting the hardships of Depression life?

a.	Richard Wright	c.	John Steinbeck
b.	Grant Wood	d.	George Burns

19.

Who was the popular radio comedian who had a variety show with Gracie Allen?

a.	John Steinbeck	c.	Ralph Bunche
b.	George Burns	d.	Frances Perkins

20.

What unpopular action did Roosevelt use to keep the New Deal from being undone?

a.	Wagner Act	c.	court-packing plan
b.	radio talks	d.	Social Security Act

“Grocers, motormen, plumbers, seamstresses, and . . . waiters were in the market . . . [The] market had become a national mania.”
–Frederick Lewis Allen

21.

This excerpt indicates that during the economic boom of the _____, people from all walks of life often invested in the stock market.

a.	mid 1900s	c.	1920s
b.	early 1920s	d.	1930s

“The selling pressure was . . . coming from everywhere. The wires to other cities were jammed with frantic orders to sell. So were the cables, radio, and telephones to Europe and the rest of the world. Buyers were very few, sometimes wholly absent.”

–Jonathan Norton Leonard, journalist

22.

This excerpt describes the panic selling of stock shares on October 29, 1929. Which statement best explains why people were desperate to sell their stocks?

a.	Share prices were rising very quickly, so stock owners wanted to collect their big profits right away.
b.	Experienced investors were selling large amounts of stock; thousands of other stockholders followed their lead.
c.	Share prices were falling very rapidly, completely destroying the value of many stocks.
d.	Speculators were making vast fortunes, and many people feared that they would lose out on the stock bonanza.

23.

This excerpt mentions the rush to send and receive messages from Europe and the rest of the world. How did the economic crisis affect Europe?

a.	It had no affect whatsoever on Europe’s economy.
b.	Europe’s economy took a slight downturn, but recovered quickly.
c.	The depression was much worse than US, and they began turning to radical solutions.
d.	The depression was just as bad and the followed our example to correct the problem.

“When the closing bell rang, the great bull market was dead and buried. 16,410,000 shares had changed hands. Leading stocks had lost as much as 77% of their peak value. The Dow Jones index was off 40% since September 3. Not only the little speculators, but the lordly, experienced big traders had been wiped out by the violence of the crash and the whole financial structure of the nation had been shaken to its foundations. Many bankers and brokers were doubtful about their own solvency, for their accounting systems had broken down. . . .”

–Jonathan Norton Leonard, Three Years Down

24.

This passage explains that the stock market crash of 1929 affected

a.	only inexperienced investors.	c.	only small speculators.
b.	only big traders.	d.	the nation’s financial structure.

“[I noticed] a feeling of worthlessness—and loneliness; I began to think of myself as a freak and a misfit.”

–Sidney Lens

25.

This quotation expresses the emotions felt by some _____ people when the Great Depression struck.

a.	newly wealthy	c.	recently married
b.	newly unemployed	d.	successful professional

“ . . . The major phenomena of the depression were mostly negative and did not assail the eye.

“But if you knew where to look, some of them would begin to appear. First, the breadlines in the poorer districts. Second, those bleak settlements ironically known as _____ in the outskirts of the cities and on vacant lots—groups of makeshift shacks constructed out of packing boxes, scrap iron, anything that could be picked up free in a diligent combing of the city dumps: shacks in which men and sometimes whole families of evicted people were sleeping on automobile seats carried from auto-graveyards, warming themselves before fires of rubbish in grease drums. Third, the homeless people sleeping in doorways or on park benches, . . .”

–Frederick Lewis Allen, Since Yesterday

26.

Which word correctly fills in the blank for this passage describing the Great Depression?

a.	hangouts	c.	Hoovervilles
b.	settlement houses	d.	homeless shelters

“[T]he country needs and . . . demands bold, persistent experimentation.”

27.

Which candidate during the 1932 presidential campaign made this declaration?

a.	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	c.	Warren G. Harding
b.	Herbert Hoover	d.	Huey Long

“. . . This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself——nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. . . .
“ Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, . . . through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources. . . .”

–President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

28.

In his first inaugural address, on March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spoke to a nation in deep economic trouble. Which statement best summarizes what he says in this passage from his speech?

a.	The economy will have to get much worse before it can get better—that’s how the business cycle works—be patient and everything will be fine.
b.	The country will recover, there’s nothing to be afraid of, things are bound to get better soon.
c.	People should not let fear consume them, the government will help put people to work and the nation will recover.
d.	American inventors and companies are bound to find ways soon to pull the country out of this troubled time

“In March 1933, the _____ was not a plan. . . . It was a happy phrase [FDR] had coined during the campaign. . . . It made people feel better, and in that terrible period of depression they needed to feel better.”

–Frances Perkins

29.

Which word correctly fills in the blank for this passage describing the early days of the Roosevelt administration?

a.	Farm Security Administration	c.	New Deal
b.	Civilian Conservation Corps	d.	National Recovery Administration

“We Do Our Part”

30.

This slogan, displayed with a blue eagle symbol, stood for the _____, a New Deal program which encouraged businesses to set a minimum wage and abolish child labor.

a.	TVA	c.	SEC
b.	NRA	d.	FDIC

“ . . .Sometimes Mrs. Roosevelt seems so naive that you wonder whether it isn't something just a little more subtle. When anyone who has spent a lifetime in politics seems naive, watch out. It is the most baffling technique in the business, and so completely disarming . . .

“Mrs. Roosevelt may be gullible and naive, but when she throws her heart into a cause she works at it with persistent skill. She is a most effective and formidable propagandist.
“She was one of the first to take an interest in the Okies of California, long before The Grapes of Wrath was published. She visited the miserable Okie camps and called the attention of the nation to them. . . .”

–Raymond Clapper, Washington journalist

31.

In this excerpt, the writer feels that Eleanor Roosevelt

a.	is gullible and naïve.
b.	has done little for the Okies.
c.	appears naïve but is very effective.
d.	has a good heart but no political skills.

“They hung around street corners and in groups. . . . They felt despised, they were ashamed of themselves. They cringed, they comforted one another. They avoided home.”

–unemployed Pennsylvania coal miners during the Great Depression,

as observed by a social worker

32.

This passage describes the _____ impact of difficult economic times on many Americans during the 1930s.

a.	often positive	c.	weak personal
b.	unseen group	d.	painful emotional

“These storms were like rolling black smoke. We had to keep the lights on all day. We went to school with headlights on, and with dust masks on.”

–a Texas boy during the 1930s

33.

This passage describes the environmental disaster that hit the area of the Southern Great Plains, that came to be known as

a.	the Depression Valley.	c.	the Desperation Plains.
b.	the Dust Bowl.	d.	the Rust Belt.

“They came in decrepit [broken-down], square-shouldered [cars] . . . that looked like relics of some antique culture . . . piled high with mattresses and cooking utensils and children, with suitcases, jugs and sacks strapped to the running boards.”

34.

This passage describes the appearance of newly arriving migrant farm workers, or “Okies,” from the Dust Bowl region. To which state did they migrate?

a.	Oklahoma	c.	California
b.	Colorado	d.	Kansas

“In the West there was panic when the migrants multiplied on the highways. Men of property were terrified for their property. Men who had never been hungry saw the eyes of the hungry. Men who had never wanted anything very much saw the flare of want in the eyes of the migrants. And the men of the towns and of the soft suburban country gathered to defend themselves; and they reassured themselves that they were good and the invaders bad, as a man must do before he fights. They said, These . . . Okies are dirty and ignorant. . . . Those . . . Okies are thieves. They'll steal anything. They've got no sense of property rights. . . .”

–John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath

35.

Steinbeck’s statement in this passage shows the writer’s _____.

a.	lack of sympathy for the poor and hungry
b.	deep understanding of the psychology of fear
c.	attitude of amusement toward the behavior of migrants
d.	anger and racial prejudice based on ignorance of others

“ . . . Old-age benefits in the form of monthly payments are to be paid to individuals who have worked and contributed to the insurance fund in direct proportion to the total wages earned by such individuals in the course of their employment subsequent to 1936. . . .

“While it is not anticipated as a complete remedy for the abnormal conditions confronting us at the present time, it is designed to afford protection for the individual against future major economic [changes]. . . . It does not represent a complete solution of the problems of economic security, but it does represent a substantial, necessary beginning.”

–Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor, Speech on September 2, 1935

36.

In this passage, Perkins is describing

a.	Unemployment Insurance.	c.	the New Deal.
b.	Social Security.	d.	the National Recovery Administration.

37.

According to the line graph, in what period did stock prices rise dramatically?

a.	the first half of the 1920s	c.	the first half of the 1930s
b.	the second half of the 1920s	d.	the second half of the 1930s

38.

Based on the graph, in what year did the average price per share of stock rise $100?

a.	1927	c.	1929
b.	1928	d.	1930

39.

Prices During 1932-1934
Sirloin steak (per pound)	$0.29
Chicken (per pound)	.22
Bread (20-ounce loaf)	.05
Potatoes (per pound)	.02
Bananas (per pound)	.07
Milk (per quart)	.10
Cheese (per pound)	.29
Tomatoes (16-ounce can)	.09
Oranges (per dozen)	.27
Cornflakes (8 ounces)	.08

Based on the chart, how much would two quarts of milk, a dozen oranges, and nine pounds of potatoes have cost in 1933?

a.	22 cents	c.	56 cents
b.	47 cents	d.	65 cents

The New Deal
First New Deal Program	Initials	Begun	Purpose
Civilian Conservation Corps	CCC	1933	Provided jobs for young men to plant trees and build bridges
Tennessee Valley Authority	TVA	1933	Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven Southern states; set up schools and health centers
Federal Emergency Relief Administration	FERA	1933	Gave relief to unemployed and needy
Agricultural Adjustment Administration	AAA	1933	Paid farmers not to grow certain crops
National Recovery Administration	NRA	1933	Helped set standards for production, prices, and wages
Public Works Administration	PWA	1933	Built ports, schools, and aircraft carriers
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	FDIC	1933	Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government
Second New Deal Program
Rural Electrification Administration	REA	1935	Loaned money to extend electricity to rural areas
Works Progress Administration	WPA	1935	Employed men and women to build hospitals, schools, parks, and airports; employed artists, writers, and musicians
Social Security Act	SSA	1935	Set up a system of pensions for the elderly, unemployed, and people with disabilities
Farm Security Administration	FSA	1937	Lent money to sharecroppers; set up camps for migrant workers
Fair Labor Standards Act	FLSA	1938	Established minimum wages and maximum hours for all businesses engaged in interstate commerce

40.

According to the chart, in what year was the program begun that would supply Southern states with cheap electric power?

a.	1933	c.	1937
b.	1935	d.	1938

41.

According to the chart, which Second New Deal program employed workers to build schools and parks?

a.	AAA	c.	WPA
b.	CCC	d.	FSA

42.

What national disaster most directly accounted for the population change in the middle states shown on the map above?

a.	stock market crash	c.	World War I
b.	dust bowl	d.	Prohibition

43.

Based on the map, which state’s population changed by more than 50 percent in the 1930s?

a.	Vermont	c.	Kansas
b.	Florida	d.	California

44.

In how many of the years shown on the bar graph was the annual rainfall in Dodge City, Kansas, below the yearly average?

a.	five	c.	ten
b.	eight	d.	eleven

45.

According to the map, which of the following states was not supplied with power by the Tennessee Valley Authority?

a.	South Carolina	c.	Alabama
b.	Georgia	d.	Mississippi

46.

Based on the map, the Kentucky Dam was on what river?

a.	Ohio River	c.	Tennessee River
b.	Kentucky River	d.	Mississippi River

47.

Which of the following dams were all in the State of Alabama?

a.	Wheeler Dam, Guntersville Dam, Watts Bar Dam
b.	Wheeler Dam, Guntersville Dam, Cherokee Dam
c.	Wheeler Dam, Wilson Dam, Douglas Dam
d.	none of the above

48.

How is the information presented on the vertical axis of this line graph?

a.	in years	c.	thousands of workers
b.	total employed	d.	in historical statistics

49.

Based on the map, how many states that were Republican in 1928 remained so in 1932?

a.	five	c.	seven
b.	six	d.	thirteen

50.

Roosevelt came closest to losing the election in which year? To which opponent?

a.	1940, Dewey	c.	1932, Hoover
b.	1936, Landon	d.	1944, Dewey

51.

What event took place the year of Roosevelt’s win over Landon in 1936?

a.	The First New Deal
b.	The Spanish Civil War
c.	Margret Mitchell wrote Gone With the Wind
d.	The Second New Deal

Completion
Complete each statement.

52.

Investors began selling their stocks in September 1929, causing the prices of other stocks to ____________________.

53.

In the years just prior to the Depression, 75 percent of American families were ____________________.

54.

In response to the worsening economic situation, President Hoover asked businesses not to cut ____________________ or production.

55.

The Bonus Army was a group of jobless veterans from ___________________.

56.

President Roosevelt contracted ____________________ in 1921, paralyzing both legs.

57.

Roosevelt tried to encourage American citizens by telling them that "the only thing we have to ____________________ is fear itself."

58.

One of the Tennessee Valley Authority's goals was to bring ____________________ to rural areas.

59.

During the 1930s, the southern Great Plains suffered from ____________________ and dust storms.

60.

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provided money to purchase ____________________ to enlarge reservations.

61.

One of the trends in entertainment and the arts during the Depression was to depict social ____________________ , portraits of injustice and suffering.

62.

The ____________________ on workers and employers set up by the Social Security Act provided monthly pensions for retired persons.

63.

Roosevelt cut spending for programs in 1937 because he believed the ____________________ had ended.

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Civilian Conservation Corps	d.	SEC
b.	FDIC	e.	New Deal
c.	on margin	f.	Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

64.

established to provide states with funds to help the needy

65.

buying stocks with loans

66.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's program

67.

work relief program

68.

regulates stocks and bonds

69.

insures bank deposits

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	the Hundred Days	d.	Dust Bowl
b.	Francis Townsend	e.	Mary McLeod Bethune
c.	stock exchange	f.	Frances Perkins

70.

system for buying and selling shares

71.

New Deal programs passed

72.

southern Great Plains disaster

73.

member of Black Cabinet

74.

developed plan for monthly pensions

75.

Roosevelt’s attempt to increase the number of justices

Short Answer

76.

	In which election did Roosevelt's opponent receive the fewest votes?

77.

	In which election did more people vote than in any other?

78.

	In which election did Roosevelt's opponent receive the most votes?

79.

	Roosevelt's biggest win came in which year? Against which opponent?

80.

	Which election had the least total number of votes cast?

“Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?”

They used to tell me I was building a dream,
And so I followed the mob
When there was earth to plough or guns to bear
I was always there right there on the job.

They used to tell me I was building a dream
With peace and glory ahead
Why should I be standing in line
Just waiting for bread?

Once I built a railroad, made it run,
Made it race against time.
Once I built a railroad,
Now it's done
Brother, can you spare a dime?

–Yip Harburg and Jay Gorney, from Americana (a musical revue), 1932

81.

	What is theme of this popular song of the 1930s?

The New Deal
First New Deal Program	Initials	Begun	Purpose
Civilian Conservation Corps	CCC	1933	Provided jobs for young men to plant trees and build bridges
Tennessee Valley Authority	TVA	1933	Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven Southern states; set up schools and health centers
Federal Emergency Relief Administration	FERA	1933	Gave relief to unemployed and needy
Agricultural Adjustment Administration	AAA	1933	Paid farmers not to grow certain crops
National Recovery Administration	NRA	1933	Helped set standards for production, prices, and wages
Public Works Administration	PWA	1933	Built ports, schools, and aircraft carriers
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	FDIC	1933	Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government
Second New Deal Program
Rural Electrification Administration	REA	1935	Loaned money to extend electricity to rural areas
Works Progress Administration	WPA	1935	Employed men and women to build hospitals, schools, parks, and airports; employed artists, writers, and musicians
Social Security Act	SSA	1935	Set up a system of pensions for the elderly, unemployed, and people with disabilities
Farm Security Administration	FSA	1937	Lent money to sharecroppers; set up camps for migrant workers
Fair Labor Standards Act	FLSA	1938	Established minimum wages and maximum hours for all businesses engaged in interstate commerce

82.

	Use the New Deal chart to answer the question. What established a system of pensions for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled?

Essay

83.

What were some of the problems that led to the Great Depression?

84.

How did the Great Depression change the role of women?

85.

What were the Hundred Days and the New Deal?

86.

What was the WPA and what did it accomplish?

87.

What factors caused the environmental disaster in the Dust Bowl?

88.

What was the intent of the Social Security Act?