Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Tropics | f. | technology | b. | absolute location | g. | Mercury | c. | 24
hours | h. | Prehistory | d. | physical features | i. | axis | e. | leap
year | j. | movement |
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1.
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imaginary line that passes through the center of Earth
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2.
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a year that contains one extra day
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3.
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tools and methods that help people perform tasks
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4.
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low-latitude areas near the Equator
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5.
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landforms, plants, animals, and weather patterns
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6.
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refers to a time before people developed writing
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7.
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exact spot on Earth
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8.
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explains how and why people, ideas, and goods spread
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9.
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amount of time it takes for Earth to make one complete rotation
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10.
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relatively small, solid planet
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Ancient History | f. | September 23 | b. | March 21 | g. | 10 years | c. | regions | h. | 88
days | d. | Pluto | i. | geographers | e. | 100 years | j. | 165 years |
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11.
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once considered a major planet but now considered a minor one
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12.
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people who study Earth and its people
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13.
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areas of Earth’s surface that have several common characteristics
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14.
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amount of time it takes Mercury to orbit the sun
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15.
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a decade
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16.
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fall equinox
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17.
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spring equinox
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18.
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time that lasted until about 1,500 years ago
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19.
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a century
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20.
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amount of time it takes Neptune to orbit the sun
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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21.
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Which geography theme describes the characteristics of a location?
a. | location | c. | regions | b. | movement | d. | place |
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22.
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How do people affect their environment?
a. | by changing it to meet their needs | b. | by moving from one place to
another | c. | by mapping it | d. | by describing their relative
locations |
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23.
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Approximately how many years ago did Modern History begin?
a. | 500 years ago | c. | 1,000 years ago | b. | 700 years ago | d. | 1,500 years ago |
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24.
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Which of the following might be called upon to help plan a city or aid in
international business?
a. | physical geographer | c. | historical geographer | b. | human
geographer | d. | natural
geographer |
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25.
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The Middle Ages is also known as ____.
a. | the medieval period | c. | Modern History | b. | Prehistory | d. | Ancient History |
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26.
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A millennium is a period of ____.
a. | 1 million years | c. | 100 years | b. | 1,000 years | d. | 10 years |
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27.
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How long does it take for Earth to make one complete circuit around the
sun?
a. | 24 hours | c. | 6 months | b. |  days | d. | 30 days |
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28.
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In which direction does the Earth rotate?
a. | west | c. | east | b. | southwest | d. | northeast |
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29.
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The summer solstice begins on or about ____.
a. | June 21 | c. | March 21 | b. | December 22 | d. | September 23 |
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30.
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Where does the noon sun fall during both equinoxes?
a. | directly over the Northern Hemisphere | b. | directly over the Equator | c. | directly over the
Tropic of Cancer | d. | directly over the Southern Hemisphere |
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31.
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 Which planet is farthest from the sun? a. | Neptune | c. | Mercury | b. | Mars | d. | Saturn |
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32.
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 Which planet is closest to Earth? a. | Mercury | c. | Uranus | b. | Jupiter | d. | Mars |
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33.
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 Which planet is closest to the sun? a. | Mercury | c. | Venus | b. | Mars | d. | Earth |
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A radar originally developed for military surveillance and reconnaissance
applications is helping a volunteer search-and-rescue group save lives. Rapid Terrain Visualization
(RTV) precision-mapping synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data was used for the first time by the
Albuquerque Mountain Rescue Council (AMRC) to help find and rescue a hiker stranded in the Sandia
Mountains in New Mexico.
The AMRC collected information about the hiker’s
location and then created detailed maps of the area. The maps were color-coded for height and gave
estimates of ground roughness. By using the maps, rescuers were able to zero in on the lost hiker and
rescue him.
Source:
www.sandia.gov/news-center/news-releases/2004/elect-semi-sensors/rescue.html. | |
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34.
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 What was the original use for RTV-SAR radar
mapping? a. | locating lost hikers | c. | search-and-rescue training | b. | military
surveillance | d. | wilderness
education |
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35.
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 Where was the hiker lost? a. | Albuquerque | c. | Colorado | b. | Arizona | d. | Sandia
Mountains |
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36.
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 Why were these radar-generated maps so helpful to
the search-and-rescue teams? a. | The black-and-white maps were generated quickly and were easy to
read. | b. | The maps gave detailed information about the physical geography of the
area. | c. | The maps were able to pinpoint the location of the hiker
immediately. | d. | Searchers did not have to supply additional information about the
hiker. |
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37.
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The position of a place on the Earth’s surface is known as ____.
a. | place | c. | environment | b. | location | d. | movement |
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38.
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Which is the earliest historical period?
a. | Middle Ages | c. | Prehistory | b. | Ancient History | d. | Modern History |
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39.
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Religions and languages are part of ____.
a. | human geography | c. | physical geography | b. | historical geography | d. | natural
geography |
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40.
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Why are Geographic Information Systems (GIS) important to geographers?
a. | They are cost-effective and can be purchased easily by
geographers. | b. | They make it easier for geographers to communicate from the
field. | c. | They are small and easy to carry. | d. | They can gather, store, and analyze geographic
information. |
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41.
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Which geographic theme can be defined by physical features?
a. | movement | c. | place | b. | absolute location | d. | culture |
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42.
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What shape are most planets’ orbits around the sun?
a. | nonlinear | c. | linear | b. | elliptical | d. | circular |
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43.
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Every four years, which extra day is added to the calendar?
a. | September 29 | c. | June 31 | b. | April 31 | d. | February 29 |
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44.
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Why do the seasons change as Earth makes its circuit around the sun?
a. | Earth is tilted on its axis. | b. | As Earth moves farther from the sun, the
weather gets colder. | c. | As Earth moves closer to the sun, the weather
gets warmer. | d. | The Earth rotates on its axis. |
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45.
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During the summer solstice, the North Pole ____.
a. | is tilted away from the sun | b. | does not tilt | c. | experiences some
melting of the polar ice cap | d. | is tilted toward the
sun |
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46.
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At noon on or about December 22, the sun’s direct rays strike the
____.
a. | Equator | c. | Prime Meridian | b. | Tropic of Capricorn | d. | Tropic of
Cancer |
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47.
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 What is the location of the Equator? a. | 0° longitude | c. | 90°N latitude | b. | 0°
latitude | d. | 30°S longitude |
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48.
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 What is located at 90 °N latitude? a. | Tokyo | c. | Equator | b. | North Pole | d. | Arctic Circle |
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49.
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 Lines of longitude run ____. a. | north and south of the Equator | b. | north of the Equator | c. | south of the
Equator | d. | from the North Pole to the South Pole |
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Summer is the season of greatest plant growth in regions with sufficient
summer rainfall. Festivals and rites have been used in many cultures to celebrate summer in
recognition of its importance in food production.
A period of exceptionally hot
weather, often with high humidity, during the summer is called a heat wave. Such an occurrence in the
temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in the latter part of summer is sometimes referred to as
the dog days.
Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.
www.britannica.com/eb/article9070305. | |
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50.
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 Summer festivals are often held to celebrate
____. a. | food production | c. | a heat wave | b. | dog days | d. | special events |
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51.
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 When do dog days occur? a. | in the early part of summer | c. | during the
solstices | b. | during the equinoxes | d. | in the latter part of summer |
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52.
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 Which of the following is characteristic of a heat
wave? a. | hot weather and low humidity | c. | milder weather and high
humidity | b. | hot weather and high humidity | d. | milder weather and low
humidity |
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The International Date Line is the imaginary line on Earth that
separates two consecutive calendar days. The date in the Eastern Hemisphere, to the left of the line,
is always one day ahead of the date in the Western Hemisphere. This Date Line has been recognized as
a matter of convenience and has no force in international law.
Without the
International Date Line, travelers going westward would discover that when they returned home, one
day more had passed than they thought, even though they had kept a careful tally of the days. This
first happened to Magellan's crew after the first circumnavigation of the globe. Similarly, a
person traveling eastward would find that one day less had elapsed than recorded, as happened to
Phileas Fogg in Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne.
The
International Date Line could be any longitude line on Earth. However, it is most convenient to be
180° away from the defining meridian that goes through Greenwich,
England. It also is fortunate that the 180° line of longitude runs
through an area that is covered mainly by ocean. Zigs and zags in the Line allow for local
circumstances.
Source: United States Naval Observatory,
aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/international_date.html. | |
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53.
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 The purpose of the International Date Line is to
separate ____. a. | two consecutive calendar days | b. | morning and night | c. | East and West
regions | d. | the Eastern and Western Hemispheres |
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54.
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 The International Date Line is located 180°
from the ____. a. | Equator | c. | Tropic of Capricorn | b. | Tropic of Cancer | d. | Prime Meridian |
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55.
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 According to the article, the International Date
Line is a matter of convenience and not enforced by ____. a. | the United States | c. | international law | b. | Great Britain | d. | international
treaties |
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56.
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 Why does the International Date Line follow a
zig-zag path? a. | to allow for local circumstances | c. | to follow Magellan’s
path | b. | to make it more interesting | d. | to follow the sun |
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57.
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 East of the International Date Line, travelers
____. a. | move into the Southern Hemisphere | b. | move into the Northern
Hemisphere | c. | lose a day | d. | gain a day |
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58.
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 Earth’s seasons result from the ____. a. | Earth’s tilt | c. | position of the planets | b. | sun’s
revolution around the Earth | d. | Earth’s rotation |
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59.
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 According to the diagram, spring in the Northern
Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere means that Earth is in its ____. a. | autumnal equinox | c. | vernal equinox | b. | summer solstice | d. | winter solstice |
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60.
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 The Earth tilts ____. a. | 23.5 degrees | c. | 30.5 degrees | b. | 25.3 degrees | d. | 50.5 degrees |
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61.
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 The Southern Hemisphere is angled toward the sun
during the ____. a. | spring solstice | c. | winter solstice | b. | fall solstice | d. | summer solstice |
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62.
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 During which two days of the year does an egg
balance on its tip in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? a. | winter and summer equinoxes | c. | vernal and autumnal
equinoxes | b. | winter and summer solstices | d. | vernal and autumnal solstices |
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63.
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 In which hemisphere are most farmers planting crops
during the autumnal equinox? a. | Eastern Hemisphere | c. | Northern Hemisphere | b. | Southern Hemisphere | d. | Western
Hemisphere |
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64.
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 The Eastern and Western Hemispheres are divided by
____. a. | the Equator | c. | the Prime Meridian | b. | the International Date Line | d. | continent
boundaries |
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65.
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 What divides the Northern Hemisphere from the
Southern Hemisphere? a. | the Equator | c. | the International Date Line | b. | the Prime
Meridian | d. | continental
boundaries |
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66.
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 The Northern Hemisphere includes part of
_____. a. | the South Pole | c. | South America | b. | New Zealand | d. | Australia |
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67.
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 According to the diagram, in which hemisphere(s) is
Africa located? a. | Southern | c. | Eastern and Southern | b. | Southern and Northern | d. | Northern, Southern, and
Eastern |
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68.
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 What does a star inside a circle symbolize on this
map? a. | national boundary | c. | other city | b. | national capital | d. | provincial
capital |
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69.
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 Which feature on this map measures distance? a. | compass rose | c. | type of projection | b. | key | d. | scale bar |
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70.
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 What is the capital of Germany? a. | Bremen | c. | Munich | b. | Hamburg | d. | Berlin |
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71.
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 Which city on the map is farthest east? a. | Berlin | c. | Dresden | b. | Cologne | d. | Rostock |
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72.
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 What is the approximate scale of miles on this
map? a. | 1 inch equals 100 miles | c. | 1/2 inch equals 100
miles | b. | 1 inch equals 100 kilometers | d. | 1/2 inch equals 200
kilometers |
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73.
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 Which of the following is the best description of
this type of map? a. | relief | c. | contour | b. | physical | d. | political |
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74.
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 ____ is another name for a map’s key. a. | Boundary | c. | Legend | b. | Compass Rose | d. | Scale Bar |
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Potential Careers in
Geography
Job | What It Does | | Urban Planner | • Works to develop new urban
areas
• Works with zoning, land use and new developments | | Cartographer | • Produces maps for government agencies, book
publishers, and atlas publishers | | Climatologist | • Predicts and reports weather changes and
patterns
• Works with news media and government entities | | Transportation Manager | • Works with transit
authorities or shipping and transportation companies to analyze and manage
transportation | | Environmental Manager | •
Must be good at project management
• Develops environmental reports
• Predicts how
factors will impact the environment | | |
Source: About, Inc., The New York
Times Company.
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75.
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 Geographers who specialize in transit can use their
skills to ____. a. | predict weather | c. | plan cities | b. | chase storms | d. | route ships |
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76.
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 Geographers who produce maps are called ____. a. | cartographers | c. | environmentalists | b. | climatologists | d. | publishers |
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77.
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 Geographers who need to know zoning laws are called
____. a. | geologists | c. | cartographers | b. | urban planners | d. | environmental
managers |
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Essay
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78.
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How does the study of history help geographers?
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79.
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Why do we not feel the Earth moving as it rotates?
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