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Chapter 16 Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Which title did President Nixon say was the greatest honor?
a.
Communist crusader
c.
enemy of Communists
b.
peacemaker
d.
mediator
 

 2. 

Nixon realized that détente would work only if what existed?
a.
shuttle diplomacy
c.
embargo
b.
war against communism
d.
balance of power
 

 3. 

What was not captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?
a.
Golan Heights of Syria
c.
East Bank of Syria
b.
Gaza Strip of Egypt
d.
Sinai Peninsula of Egypt
 

 4. 

Henry Kissinger promised Egypt large amounts of
a.
foreign aid.
c.
food relief.
b.
Israeli land.
d.
exports.
 

 5. 

Which program was part of President Nixon's New Federalism?
a.
revenue sharing
c.
Great Society programs
b.
busing
d.
War on Poverty
 

 6. 

Nixon ordered the FBI and what agency to investigate his "enemies"?
a.
National Security Council
c.
Internal Revenue Service
b.
Secret Service
d.
Republican National Committee
 

 7. 

Who was the vice president forced to resign because of a bribery scandal?
a.
Spiro Agnew
c.
Gerald Ford
b.
Pat Nixon
d.
John Dean
 

 8. 

Which country did President Carter condemn for its policy of apartheid?
a.
Ethiopia
c.
Uruguay
b.
South Africa
d.
Argentina
 

 9. 

President Carter turned control of the Panama Canal over to
a.
Syria.
c.
Egypt.
b.
Mexico.
d.
Panama.
 

 10. 

American hostages were held captive by students from which country?
a.
Israel
c.
Iran
b.
Iraq
d.
India
 

 11. 

Richard M. Nixon became the first president to go behind the “iron curtain” when he visited
a.
Egypt.
c.
Romania.
b.
Israel.
d.
East Germany.
 

 12. 

What leader did President Ford meet with to discuss limiting nuclear weapons?
a.
Jimmy Carter
c.
Richard M. Nixon
b.
Leonid Brezhnev
d.
Anwar el-Sadat
 

 13. 

Where did the Yom Kippur War take place?
a.
The Middle East
c.
Asia
b.
Australia
d.
Africa
 

 14. 

With the help of the CIA, the government of which country was overthrown?
a.
Soviet Union
c.
China
b.
Cuba
d.
Chile
 

 15. 

What scandal forced President Nixon to resign?
a.
Agnew
c.
Iran-Contra
b.
Watergate
d.
Middle East
 

 16. 

When President Nixon resigned, he was succeeded by
a.
Spiro Agnew.
c.
Jimmy Carter.
b.
John Dean.
d.
Gerald Ford.
 

 17. 

What did President Ford offer to men who had illegally avoided military service during the Vietnam War?
a.
pardons
c.
amnesty
b.
free land
d.
prison terms
 

 18. 

Whose death brought the United States and China closer?
a.
Mao Zedong
c.
Leonid Brezhnev
b.
Ayatollah Khomeini
d.
Anwar el-Sadat
 

 19. 

In 1979 a major accident at Three Mile Island caused
a.
antitax protests.
c.
anti-nuclear protests.
b.
antihuman rights protests.
d.
antiwar protests.
 

 20. 

President Carter helped the peace process in the
a.
European nations.
c.
Soviet Union.
b.
Middle East.
d.
Latin American countries.
 
 
“It will be a safer world and a better world if we have a strong, healthy United States, Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan—each balancing the other, not playing one against the other.
–President Richard M. Nixon
 

 21. 

mc021-1.jpg This statement refers to the theory of _____ in United States foreign policy.
a.
détente
c.
balance of powers
b.
realpolitik
d.
Monroe Doctrine
 
 
“There must be room in this world for two great nations with different systems to live together and work together.”
–Leonid Brezhnev
 

 22. 

mc022-1.jpg The attitude of _____ is shown in this quotation from the Soviet leader Brezhnev.
a.
realpolitik
c.
balance of powers
b.
détente
d.
the Yalta Agreement
 
 
“We seek an open world—open to ideas, open to the exchange of goods and people—a world in which no people, great or small, will live in angry isolation.”
–President Richard M. Nixon
 

 23. 

mc023-1.jpg Which two formally isolated countries was President Nixon successful in establishing relations with?
a.
Soviet Union and China
c.
China and France
b.
Soviet Union and Great Britain
d.
France and Great Britain
 
 
“I took the tape off, but I didn’t think anything of it.”
–Frank Wills
 

 24. 

mc024-1.jpg What major scandal began when this security guard noticed tape covering locks on doors leading to an underground parking garage sometime after midnight on June 17, 1972, and decided to call the police?
a.
the energy crisis
c.
the SALT I crisis
b.
Iran-Contragate
d.
Watergate
 
 
“If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th century paper shredder.”  
      –Barbara Jordan, Member of the House Judiciary Committee, July 1974
 

 25. 

mc025-1.jpg In this quote, Barbara Jordan is commenting on the system of __________ set forth in the Constitution, and tested during the Watergate crisis. The crisis revealed that the system worked to remove a president who had abused his power.
a.
trial by jury
c.
freedom of speech
b.
checks and balances
d.
executive privilege
 
 
“We have ended America's longest war, but in the work of securing a lasting peace in the world, the goals ahead are even more far-reaching and more difficult. We must complete a structure of peace so that it will be said of this generation, our generation of Americans, by the people of all nations, not only that we ended one war but that we prevented future wars.
“We have unlocked the doors that for a quarter of a century stood between the United States and the People's Republic of China.
“We must now ensure that the one quarter of the world's people who live in the People's Republic of China will be and remain not our enemies but our friends.
“ In the Middle East, 100 million people in the Arab countries, many of whom have considered us their enemy for nearly 20 years, now look on us as their friends. We must continue to build on that friendship so that peace can settle at last over the Middle East and so that the cradle of civilization will not become its grave.”
      –President Richard M. Nixon, televised address to the nation, August 8, 1974     
 

 26. 

mc026-1.jpg Which statement best describes this excerpt from Nixon’s resignation speech?
a.
The United States has won the war in Vietnam and now we can best ensure peace throughout the world by making treaties with China.
b.
We must work to end the war in Vietnam and open diplomatic relations with China and the nations in conflict in the Middle East.
c.
The war in Vietnam has ended and now we need to become good friends with China, and to work to help create peace in the Middle East.
d.
We can best work for world peace if we limit our foreign involvements in the Middle East and in Asia, as the war in Vietnam surely has shown us.
 
 
“. . . I regret deeply any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. I would say only that if some of my judgments were wrong, and some were wrong, they were made in what I believed at the time to be the best interest of the Nation. . . .”
–August 8, 1974
 

 27. 

mc027-1.jpg Who spoke these words and on which occasion?
a.
Senator McCarthy, leaving the Senate for the last time
b.
President Nixon, resigning the presidency
c.
President Johnson, discussing Watergate break-in
d.
Governor Wallace, deciding not to run for a second term
 
 
“Our long national nightmare is over.”
–President Gerald Ford, August 1974
 

 28. 

mc028-1.jpg What did Ford do that promoted national healing following the Watergate scandal?
a.
He appointed Nelson Rockefeller, a well-respected Republican as his vice president.
b.
He granted Nixon a pardon for any crimes he may have committed as president.
c.
Along with the Soviet Union and other nations, he signed the Helsinki Accords to protect human rights.
d.
He offered amnesty to men who had illegally avoided military service during the Vietnam War.
 
 
“Being a judicial conservative, I believe some Court decisions have gone too far in weakening the peace forces against the criminal forces in our society.”
            –Richard Nixon
 

 29. 

mc029-1.jpg Which of the following statements best summarizes Nixon’s position as stated in this quote?
a.
The government should fund more police officers.
b.
Court decisions should be tougher on criminals.
c.
Too many conservative decisions have been handed down by the Court.
d.
Crime weakens society.
 

 30. 

mc030-1.jpg During his time in office, Nixon filled four vacancies on the Supreme Court. He hoped the justices he appointed would shift the Court to a more _____ position.
a.
conservative
c.
neutral
b.
positive
d.
liberal
 
 
“When we first arrived at Camp David, the first thing upon which we agreed was to ask the people of the world to pray that our negotiations would be successful. Those prayers have been answered far beyond any expectations. We are privileged to witness tonight . . an achievement that reflects the courage and wisdom of these two leaders.
“Through 13 long days at Camp David, we have seen them display determination and vision and flexibility which was needed to make this agreement come to pass.”
–President Jimmy Carter, September 1978
 

 31. 

mc031-1.jpg Who are the two leaders President Carter speaks of in this passage?
a.
Mikhail Gorbachev and Menachem Begin
b.
Zhou Enlai and Golda Meir
c.
Boris Yeltsin and Saddam Hussein
d.
Menachem Begin and Anwar el-Sadat
 

 32. 

mc032-1.jpg The agreement reached at this meeting was known as
a.
SALT II.
c.
the Camp David Accords.
b.
Egypt-Israel Pact
d.
the Panama Canal treaty.
 
 
“ . . . We are privileged to witness tonight a significant achievement in the cause of peace, an achievement none thought possible a year ago or even a month ago, . . .”
–President Jimmy Carter, September 1978
 

 33. 

mc033-1.jpg What was the “significant achievement” of the Camp David meeting?
a.
signed peace treaties between Egypt, Israel and several other Middle Eastern nations
b.
agreements to work together for economic development and trade expansion in the Middle East
c.
agreements about peace treaties between Egypt and Israel and for peace in the Middle East
d.
preliminary agreements to discuss the creation of a new Palestinian nation’s boundaries
 
 
“Are you better off now than you were four years ago?”
 

 34. 

mc034-1.jpg This slogan was used very effectively during the presidential election campaign of 1980 by Republican candidate
a.
Jimmy Carter.
c.
Gerald Ford
b.
Ronald Reagan.
d.
George H.W. Bush.
 

 35. 

mc035-1.jpg
mc035-2.jpg Based on the time line, who defeated Ford in the 1976 presidential election?
a.
Clinton
c.
Nixon
b.
Reagan
d.
Carter
 
 

Events of the 1970sResults and Reactions
OPEC oil embargo causes a shortage of fuel.Americans feel helpless and angry.
President Ford vetoes programs in health, housing, and education to reduce government spending.Many people lose jobs, and the nation suffers the worst recession in 40 years.
Ford pardons Nixon.Americans feel frustrated.
To conserve energy, Americans buy smaller, imported cars.American workers suffer unemployment as several automobile plants close.
Americans learn CIA and FBI have secret files on citizens.Americans become angry at government’s abuse of power.
 

 36. 

mc036-1.jpg Based on the information in the chart, which of the choices below best describes the general mood shared by Americans in the 1970s?
a.
joyous
c.
disgruntled
b.
silly
d.
optimistic
 

 37. 

mc037-1.jpg According to the chart, about which issue did Americans feel frustrated?
a.
CIA and FBI having secret files on citizens
b.
OPEC oil embargo causing an oil shortage
c.
buying smaller imported cars to conserve energy
d.
Ford pardoning Nixon
 
 
Gasoline Consumption and Prices
Year
Consumption
Cost per Gallon
 
(Billions of gallons)
Reg.
Prem.
No lead
1973
110.5
$ .40
.45
NA
1974
106.3
.53
.57
.55
1975
109.0
.57
.61
.60
1976
115.7
.59
.64
.61
1977
119.6
.62
.67
.66
1978
125.1
.63
.69
.67
1979
122.1
.86
.92
.90
1980
115.0
1.19
1.28
1.25
 

 38. 

mc038-1.jpg Based on the chart above, how much would eight gallons of unleaded gas have cost in 1975?
a.
$4.00
c.
$4.80
b.
$4.60
d.
$4.88
 

 39. 

mc039-1.jpg In what year shown on the chart above was United States consumption of gasoline at its highest?
a.
1978
c.
1980
b.
1979
d.
1990
 
 
nar015-1.jpg
 

 40. 

mc040-1.jpg Based on the two circle graphs, in 2001 almost half of the federal income came from what single source?
a.
defense & social security
c.
social security tax
b.
corporate income tax
d.
individual income tax
 

 41. 

mc041-1.jpg Based on the information, what percentage of the federal expenditure goes toward paying interest on public debt?
a.
7 percent
c.
11 percent
b.
12 percent
d.
10 percent
 

 42. 

mc042-1.jpg Which of the following is not noted as a short-term effect of the energy crisis on the chart above?

Effects of the Energy Crisis
Short-Term EffectsLong-Term Effects
increase in price of gasolinecreation of U.S. Department of Energy
long lines at gas stationsresearch into alternative energy sources
gasoline rationingchanges in automobile design and technology
shortages of gasolinelaws requiring increase in energy efficiency of housing
feelings of frustrationpublic awareness of conservation
a.
long lines at gas stations
c.
feelings of frustration
b.
increase in carpooling
d.
increase in price of gasoline
 
 
nar016-1.jpg
 

 43. 

mc043-1.jpg Based on the map, which of the following countries is not on the Persian Gulf?
a.
Israel
c.
Syria
b.
Lebanon
d.
all of the above
 

 44. 

mc044-1.jpg Based on the map, which of the following countries has the most major oil fields?
a.
Iran
c.
Oman
b.
Iraq
d.
Kuwait
 

 45. 

mc045-1.jpg All of the major bodies of water on this map are connected by oil pipelines except which one of the following?
a.
Mediterranean Sea
c.
Caspian Sea
b.
Persian Gulf
d.
Red Sea
 

 46. 

mc046-1.jpg According to the chart, how many barrels per day did the United States import from Arab OPEC in 1977–1978?

United States Net Imports of Petroleum, 1973-1983
 
Average Annual Rate in Thousands of Barrels per Day
Year
From Arab OPEC*
From OPEC**
From All Countries
1973
914
2,991
6,025
1974
752
3,277
5,892
1975
1,382
3,599
5,846
1976
2,423
5,063
7,090
1977
3,184
6,190
8,565
1978
2,962
5,747
8,002
1979
3,054
5,633
7,985
1980
2,549
4,293
6,365
1981
1,844
3,315
5,401
1982
852
2,136
4,298
1983
630
1,843
4,312
*Arab OPEC members include Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates.
**OPEC members include Arab OPEC countries and Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, and Venezuela.
a.
6,164,000
c.
6,146,000
b.
3,184,000
d.
61,640,000
 
 
nar017-1.jpg
 

 47. 

mc047-1.jpg Based on the map, about how long is the Alaska Pipeline?
a.
about 300 miles
c.
about 750 miles
b.
about 300 kilometers
d.
about 750 kilometers
 

 48. 

mc048-1.jpg The capital of Alaska, Juneau, is on what body of water?
a.
Beaufort Sea
c.
Bering Sea
b.
Chukchi Sea
d.
Gulf of Alaska
 

 49. 

mc049-1.jpg
mc049-2.jpg Based on the map of Arab-Israeli tensions, which of the following regions is in Syria?
a.
Gaza Strip
c.
West Bank
b.
Golan Heights
d.
Sinai Peninsula
 

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
OSHA
d.
Ronald Reagan
b.
Helsinki Accords
e.
SALT I
c.
Jimmy Carter
 

 50. 

restricted nuclear missiles in American and Soviet arsenals
 

 51. 

ensures workers' safety
 

 52. 

protected human rights and civil liberties
 

 53. 

human rights president
 

 54. 

won 1980 Republican nomination
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
stagflation
d.
inflation
b.
H.R. Haldeman
e.
OPEC
c.
Ronald Reagan
 

 55. 

Arab oil-producing countries
 

 56. 

rise in prices
 

 57. 

rising prices and sluggish economy
 

 58. 

Richard M. Nixon's chief of staff
 

 59. 

Carter's 1980 opponent
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
apartheid
d.
detente
b.
Henry Kissinger
e.
embargo
c.
Leonid Brezhnev
 

 60. 

national security adviser
 

 61. 

relaxing international tensions
 

 62. 

racial separation
 

 63. 

ban on shipment
 

 64. 

Soviet leader
 



 
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